{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:01:20Z","timestamp":1790190080386,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1-AI068641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1-AI068641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1-AI120197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1-AI120197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U01-AI36780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U01-AI36780"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We previously identified anti-CD4 autoantibodies in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (PWH) with CD4 &amp;lt; 100 cells\/\u00b5L using luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPSs). The influence of ART initiation on anti-CD4 autoantibodies and their impact on CD4 recovery in PWH with higher CD4 counts are unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) trial, ART-naive PWH with CD4 &amp;gt; 500 cells\/\u00b5L were randomized to start ART immediately (immediate) or delay until CD4 &amp;lt; 350 cells\/\u00b5L or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (deferred). In a subset of participants, we measured anti-CD4 autoantibodies using LIPS from plasma samples collected at baseline and month 24. We used logistic regression models to evaluate associations with the presence of anti-CD4 autoantibodies and to compare month 24 anti-CD4 autoantibodies between treatment groups. In the immediate group, the mean change in CD4 counts from baseline to month 24 was compared by baseline anti-CD4 autoantibody serostatus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline anti-CD4 autoantibody prevalence in 1199 participants (600 immediate, 599 deferred) was 41%; anti-CD4 autoantibodies were higher with recent HIV infection and among participants in Africa. At month 24, anti-CD4 autoantibody prevalence had decreased to 26% in the immediate and 31% in the deferred group (odds ratio [OR] = 2.04; P &amp;lt; .001). Participants with recent HIV infection had larger decreases in anti-CD4 autoantibodies (P &amp;lt; .001). There was no difference in CD4 recovery from baseline to month 24 by baseline anti-CD4 autoantibodies within the immediate group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti-CD4 autoantibodies are common in untreated PWH with high CD4 counts; however, with ART use, their prevalence decreases. Anti-CD4 autoantibodies are not associated with CD4 recovery in PWH with CD4 &amp;gt; 500 cells\/\u00b5L initiating ART.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T11:41:41Z","timestamp":1776944501000},"page":"e452-e460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Delayed Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation on Anti-CD4 Autoantibodies in Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive People With HIV"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7434-942X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian P","family":"Epling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 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Institute , Minneapolis, Minnesota ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4673-6991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Brites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal da Bahia , Salvador ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7247-3358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Gras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, APHP-Saint-Louis Hospital , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Pillay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enhancing Care Foundation , Durban ,","place":["South 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