{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:18:07Z","timestamp":1793326687279,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AI060525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI060525"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI171200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI171200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI183792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI183792"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 AI18984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI18984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI180311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI180311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Operations of The University of Pittsburgh Regional Biocontainment Laboratory","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01an3r305","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research"},{"name":"UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03763ep67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus endemic to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula that can cause disease in humans and livestock. There are currently no licensed vaccines for human use, but several candidates are at the clinical trial, stage including DDVax\u2122, a preparation of live-attenuated RVFV lacking the nonstructural proteins NSs and NSm (\u0394NSs\u0394NSm). Multiple preclinical studies have shown that \u0394NSs\u0394NSm is safe and immunogenic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The longitudinal study described in this manuscript examined the additional features of duration, sex, and dose in immunogenicity and protection provided by \u0394NSs\u0394NSm. Female and male 8-week-old C57BL\/6 mice were vaccinated with either a low or high dose of \u0394NSs\u0394NSm and humoral (via neutralization assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and cellular immunity (enzyme-linked immunospot and flow cytometry) were assessed over a period of 6 months. A subset of animals was challenged with a lethal dose of wild-type RVFV 6 months postvaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All vaccinated animals were protected against lethal RVF disease 6 months postvaccination independent of dose or sex. Humoral immunity in the form of RVFV-specific neutralizing and binding antibodies decreased over time but remained detectable at the end of the study. The RVFV-specific CD4+ T cells also decreased by 6 months postvaccination. In contrast, virus-specific polyfunctional CD8+ T cells persisted at comparable levels throughout the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work demonstrates that a single low-dose \u0394NSs\u0394NSm vaccine elicits a durable humoral and cellular immune response that persists over months and protects C57BL\/6 mice against lethal RVF disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T12:02:18Z","timestamp":1778760138000},"page":"e812-e822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Live-Attenuated Rift Valley Fever Virus Vaccination Leads to Durable, Protective Immunity Independent of Sex in C57BL\/6 Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5310-9876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Mueller Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel M","family":"Kindsvogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Petnuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9587-3960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracey L","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan E","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay R","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research, University of 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