{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:44:55Z","timestamp":1792025095746,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Health and Fondos Feder","award":["JR24\/00015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR24\/00015"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Health and Fondos Feder","award":["JR22\/00044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR22\/00044"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Health and Fondos Feder","award":["INT24\/00011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT24\/00011"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013543","name":"European Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III- Spanish Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ICI22\/00065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICI22\/00065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"Fondos of Next Generation EU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mecanismo de Recuperaci\u00f3n y Resiliencia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dried blood spots (DBS) are a minimally invasive alternative to serum for serological surveillance, but pediatric data remain limited, particularly in high-resource settings and in immunocompromised children. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of DBS for assessing vaccine-induced immunity in a pediatric cohort from Madrid, Spain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective observational study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of DBS compared with serum samples in 134 children and adolescents (98 nonimmunocompromised, 36 immunocompromised) at La Paz University Hospital (Madrid, Spain). IgG antibodies against 6 vaccine-preventable diseases\u2014diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps, and rubella\u2014were quantified using the VirClia\u00ae IgG chemiluminescence assay. ROC curves were constructed to establish optimal DBS cutoff values for each pathogen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using serum cutoffs, DBS showed sensitivities &amp;gt;95% and specificities &amp;gt;85% for all pathogens, except for pertussis, which had a sensitivity of 66.7%, and for rubella and mumps, which had specificities of 62.5% and 44.0%, respectively. Applying optimized DBS cutoffs improved specificity for rubella (81.2%) and mumps (88.0%). In immunocompromised children, sensitivity remained &amp;gt;80% for most pathogens but decreased for mumps (76.0%). Age and time since vaccination did not significantly affect DBS performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dried blood spot provide a reliable and practical approach for assessing vaccine-induced immunity in children and adolescents. Their ease of collection and transport make them especially valuable in settings with limited laboratory capacity. Population-specific cutoffs are essential, particularly for immunocompromised groups, to ensure diagnostic accuracy and support global immunization monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T11:47:26Z","timestamp":1779450446000},"page":"e777-e785","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vaccine Response Assessment in Children Using Dried Blood Spots: The DRIVE Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2259-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Molino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Pediatrics, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Hospital La Paz , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Galet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute for Health Research at Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University (IRYCIS) \u2013 Microbiology Service, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iker","family":"Falces-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, La Paz University Hospital , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1233-1723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Alcolea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Pediatrics, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Hospital La Paz , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7455-9080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"M\u00e9ndez-Echevarr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Pediatrics, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Hospital La Paz , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8756-7020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"del Rosal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Pediatrics, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Hospital La Paz , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n Traslacional en Infectolog\u00eda Pedi\u00e1trica (RITIP) ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"C\u00e1mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Immunology Department, La Paz University Hospital , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9323-2024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Grasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Pediatrics, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Hospital La Paz , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n Traslacional en Infectolog\u00eda Pedi\u00e1trica (RITIP) ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6503-3423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Pediatrics, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Hospital La Paz , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n Traslacional en Infectolog\u00eda Pedi\u00e1trica (RITIP) ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mart\u00ednez Balaguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Biostatistics Platform, La Paz University Hospital , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1frica","family":"Holgu\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute for Health 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