{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:01:26Z","timestamp":1790190086193,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH107345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH107345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Effects Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019748","name":"Johns Hopkins University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007277","name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005595","name":"University of California","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008562","name":"University of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007812","name":"University of Washington","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007812","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007268","name":"Washington University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for non-AIDS comorbidities despite suppressive ART. Chronic co-infections with CMV and EBV may contribute to systemic immune activation and comorbidities, but the relative contribution of viral activity vs host immune response is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated associations between viral measures and the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index 2.0, a validated 5-year mortality risk score for PWH. Plasma CMV and EBV IgG were quantified by ELISA, and CMV, EBV, and HIV cell-associated DNA (CA-DNA) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by droplet digital PCR. Total globulin levels were abstracted from clinical panels as a marker of generalized immune activation. Regression models were adjusted for sex, race, ethnicity, HIV duration, and history of AIDS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 485 ART-suppressed PWH (mean age 54 years; 17% women; 59% White), 96.5% were CMV seropositive, 100% EBV seropositive, CMV CA-DNA was detected in 45.9%, EBV in 95.4%, and HIV in 99.0%. Higher VACS scores were associated with higher CMV IgG, EBV IgG, EBV CA-DNA, HIV CA-DNA, and total globulin in adjusted models. In multivariable models, CMV IgG, EBV CA-DNA, and total globulins remained independently associated with VACS Index 2.0. HIV CA-DNA and sex were retained in the best-fit model with trend-level significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest distinct mechanisms by which CMV, EBV, and HIV may contribute to morbidity in PWH on ART: CMV through immune activation, and EBV and HIV through viral persistence. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causal pathways and guide interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:29:08Z","timestamp":1781612948000},"page":"342-351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CMV IgG and EBV Cell-Associated DNA Independently Associate With Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index 2.0 Scores in People With HIV on ART"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2870-8468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia K","family":"Riggs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego , San Diego, California 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