{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:47:22Z","timestamp":1792590442320,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Defense Health Program","award":["HU00012020067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HU00012020067"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HU00012120103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HU00012120103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of War","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007188","name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003896","name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003896","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y1-AI-5072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y1-AI-5072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cellular senescence, involving cell-cycle arrest and inflammatory factor release, may play a role in Long COVID development. We investigated the role of senescence-associated genes across multiple postacute sequelae phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants from a cohort study were grouped into post-COVID-19 groups: (1) sensory, fatigue\/difficulty thinking, and difficulty breathing\/exercise intolerance, identified through a machine learning analysis of symptom data; (2) cognitive impairment, measured using a screening cognitive assessment tool (BRACE); and (3) persistent dyspnea, identified using a symptom-scale known to correlate with a 6-minute-walk-test. Postinfection whole-blood samples underwent transcriptomic analysis with 47 125 genes used as the reference signature for gene set enrichment analysis against the SenMayo cellular-senescence query gene set (n = 125); enrichment were based on normalized enrichment scores (NES).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SenMayo genes were significantly upregulated in the early postinfection period in (1) 56 individuals who subsequently developed Long COVID symptom phenotypes, compared to 104 who did not develop Long COVID symptoms (NES = 6.04, P = .001); (2) 32 individuals with long-term cognitive impairment compared with 40 without long-term cognitive impairment measured by BRACE (NES = 2.58, P = .032); and (3) 26 participants who had persistent dyspnea compared with 53 without persistent dyspnea measured by the validated dyspnea instrument (NES = 6.29, P = .001). ETS2 was upregulated across all impairment-related phenotypes, while other SenMayo genes showed phenotype-specific variability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests a role of senescence-associated genes in the development of Long COVID, including shared and unique transcriptomic patterns across phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:29:03Z","timestamp":1781612943000},"page":"e869-e880","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Is Cellular Senescence a Biological Feature of Long COVID? A Transcriptomic Analysis Across Comparative Postacute Sequelae Phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5363-075X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nusrat J","family":"Epsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0530-384X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie A","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4903-4343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam, Brooke Army Medical Center , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5428-7404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A","family":"Lindholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam, Brooke Army Medical Center , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Division of Infectious Diseases, , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0154-1928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhonda E","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord Division of Infectious Diseases, , Fort Lewis, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Mende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"The Henry M. 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Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R","family":"Tribble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1247-8370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy H","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2025-8239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clifton","family":"Dalgard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6358-4670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A","family":"Puskarich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon D","family":"Pollett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101419592597700_jiag315-B1","volume-title":"A long COVID definition: a chronic, systemic disease state with profound consequences","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026101419592597700_jiag315-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(20)30011-8","article-title":"Tackling immunosenescence to improve COVID-19 outcomes and vaccine response in older adults","volume":"1","author":"Cox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"2026101419592597700_jiag315-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101205","article-title":"Aging in COVID-19: vulnerability, immunity and 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