{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T05:19:52Z","timestamp":1783574392152,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cryptosporidium is a pathogenic intestinal parasite that causes cryptosporidiosis, a diarrheal disease common in the United States. The predominant species infecting humans are Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum. These species can be further classified into families and subtypes by analyzing the sequence of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene. Currently, there are no data available regarding the families and subtypes of Cryptosporidium found in New York State or their distribution within the state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To address these unknowns, the gp60 gene was sequenced to identify the subtypes for C. hominis\u2013 and C. parvum\u2013positive specimens submitted to the Wadsworth Center (the Public Health Laboratory for New York State ) in 2022 and 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 634 specimens tested positive for C. hominis, and a subtype family was determined for 613. In 2022 and 2023 IdA16 and IfA12G1R5 were the most frequently identified C. hominis subtypes. Interestingly, IdA16 is typically not found in the United States, while subtype IfA12G1R5 is currently recognized as the dominant C. hominis subtype.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>For C. parvum, there were 489 positive specimens over the 2-year period, with a family and subtype identified for 466. Subtype family IIa was responsible for a majority of the infections. This family also had the greatest genetic diversity, with 30 subtypes identified throughout the surveillance period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laboratory surveillance data like those presented here aid in improving outbreak detection and investigations, determine the geographic distribution of subtypes, and identify populations that may be at higher risk for Cryptosporidium infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T11:42:29Z","timestamp":1782214949000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Cryptosporidium hominis<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/i>\n                    Subtypes Identified From Patient Specimens in New York State"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Mergen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, NewYork State Department of Health , Albany, New York ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Integrated Health Sciences, University at Albany , Albany, NewYork ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, NewYork State Department of Health , Albany, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1748-9327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Madison-Antenucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, NewYork State Department of Health , Albany, New York ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Integrated Health Sciences, University at Albany , Albany, NewYork ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070901114385300_jiag324-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.07.009","article-title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Cryptosporidium","volume":"34","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2026070901114385300_jiag324-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60844-2","article-title":"Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control 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