{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T15:14:07Z","timestamp":1788275647670,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PJT-153364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-153364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FDN-143342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDN-143342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PJT-153139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-153139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000014","name":"Canadian Blood Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MSM2017LP-OD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSM2017LP-OD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CIHR Canadian HIV"},{"name":"AIDS Trials Network","award":["CTN 300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTN 300"]}]},{"name":"AIDS Trials Network","award":["148432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["148432"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009326","name":"Cancer Research Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000027","name":"CIHR Institute of Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000027","name":"CIHR Institute of Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["169038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["169038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000027","name":"CIHR Institute of Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTN 300-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTN 300-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec-Sant\u00e9 HIV","award":["199252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["199252"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Michael Smith Foundation","award":["5209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5209"]}]},{"name":"Michael Smith Foundation","award":["16863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16863"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Immunization Research Network Trainee Scholarship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003579","name":"University of Toronto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared the prevalence of vaccine-preventable anal human papillomavirus (HPV) types among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) living in large cities in Canada from 2019 to 2021 by age and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexually active GBM \u226516 years were recruited in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver using respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Participants self-reported HPV vaccination and self-collected anal HPV specimens. We estimated the prevalence of vaccine-preventable types for participants during the 2019\u20132021 period. We report RDS-II-weighted prevalence and confounder-adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) comparing vaccinated (\u22651 dose) and unvaccinated GBM using multivariable Poisson regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 1519 participants aged 18\u201383 (median 35 years), 17.6% had HIV, and 62.2%, 40.2%, and 15.0% were vaccinated in the 16\u201326-, 27\u201345-, and \u226546-year groups, respectively. Among GBM 16\u201326 years, HPV6\/11\/16\/18 prevalence was lower among those vaccinated \u226423 years (aPR = 0.40, 95% CI: .20\u2013.77), \u22653 years since first dose (aPR = 0.39; 95% CI: .18\u2013.85), and those with \u22645 years of sexual activity before vaccination (aPR = 0.47; 95% CI: .25\u2013.89). HPV6\/11\/16\/18\/31\/33\/45\/52\/58 prevalence was lower among those vaccinated \u226426 years in GBM aged 27\u201345 years (aPR = 0.81, 95% CI, .61\u20131.08), though this did not reach statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five years after implementation of Canadian HPV vaccination programs for younger GBM, anal HPV prevalence was lower among those vaccinated at younger ages and near sexual debut.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T11:44:06Z","timestamp":1787399046000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Against Prevalent Human Papillomavirus by Age, Years Sexually Active Before Vaccination, and HIV Status in Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men, 2019\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3110-3256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranamika","family":"Khayargoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Grace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7041-1556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6809-1357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"de Pokomandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, McGill University , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8039-6513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Troy","family":"Grennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control , Vancouver, British Columbia ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5107-7452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trevor A","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5506-084X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahim","family":"Moineddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia , Prince George, British Columbia ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1078-9247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS , Vancouver, British Columbia ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catharine","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Public Health Ontario , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley L","family":"Deeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramandip","family":"Grewal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jody","family":"Jollimore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community-Based Research Centre , Vancouver, British Columbia ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6336-8780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan J","family":"Lachowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia , Prince George, British Columbia ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosane","family":"Nisenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Ogilvie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control , Vancouver, British Columbia ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4300-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chantal","family":"Sauvageau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique du Qu\u00e9bec , Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de m\u00e9decine sociale et pr\u00e9ventive, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3069-2875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darrell H S","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4301-8473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6696-0640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terri","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2025-8928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Coutl\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2822-2169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann N","family":"Burchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090110315631100_jiag426-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30716","article-title":"Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type","volume":"141","author":"de Martel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2026090110315631100_jiag426-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e531","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00108-9","article-title":"Epidemiology of anal human papillomavirus infection and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in 29 900 men according to HIV status, sexuality, and age: a collaborative pooled analysis of 64 studies","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet 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