{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:53:53Z","timestamp":1792011233065,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n A fatal case of toxoplasmic encephalitis has caused microbiologists and clinicians to question whether different strains of Toxoplasma gondii have more pathogenic potential than others. This is concerning, as T. gondii is a widely spread parasite presumed to lie dormant in a third of the world\u2019s population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Here, we expand on a previous proteomic analysis of toxoplasmosis and have identified T. gondii-specific peptides in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of three cases of toxoplasmic reactivation. Multilocus PCR-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) genetically identified the T. gondii strain responsible for a fatal case as ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotype #7. Using other T. gondii strains of this genotype, we performed bioassays to compare the pathogenicity of this genotype to the Type II strain, ME49.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Both tested genotype #7 strains have greater pathogenic potential, although likely through different mechanisms. Of the most abundant T. gondii-specific CSF peptides across multiple patients, we identified a polymorphic region of the dense granule protein GRA5 with strain specificity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This approach could represent a \u201cproteotype\u201d that allows for T. gondii strain identification. Ultimately, CSF could be a valuable tool for distinguishing strains among T. gondii-exposed individuals with toxoplasmic encephalitis and may prove useful for future identification of the presence of T. gondii in clinically silent patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:52:39Z","timestamp":1791546759000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proteotyping reactivant toxoplasmic encephalitis reveals virulence-associated dense granule protein GRA5 polymorphisms"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3830-2827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo A","family":"Montoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin \u2013 Madison, Microbial Science , 1550 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8244-6190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Chadwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau \u2013 Room 1016, N22 Avenida da Universidade Taipa , Macau ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8392-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunlei","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee \u2013 Knoxville , 307 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. Knoxville TN 37996-1937 \u00a0","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0004-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Coon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin \u2013 Madison, 4266 Biochemical Sciences 440 Henry Mall , Madison, WI 53706 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Overmyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin \u2013 Madison, 4266 Biochemical Sciences 440 Henry Mall , Madison, WI 53706 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J","family":"Knoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin \u2013 Madison, Microbial Science , 1550 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0454-895X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob","family":"Striker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin \u2013 Madison, Microbial Science , 1550 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag503\/71948499\/jiag503.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag503\/71948499\/jiag503.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:41:02Z","timestamp":1792010462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag503\/8916640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag503","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"article-number":"jiag503"}}