{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:54:48Z","timestamp":1792079688551,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differentiating wild and vaccine measles virus (MeV) strains is critical for appropriate healthcare response during outbreak vaccination campaigns. Sequencing, the current standard, is expensive, time-consuming, and limited to specialized laboratories. We developed and implemented a novel differential MeV RT-qPCR assay to address these challenges, which we describe herein.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We designed a differential two-step assay; the first step, termed MRRV, distinguishes between rubella, wild MeV, and vaccine MeV. The second, termed \u201cMeV differential\u201d, differentiates between genotypes A (vaccine), B and D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The assay detects 10-50 copies per reaction and accurately classifies weak clinical samples (Cq\u2009&amp;gt;\u200932), with 100% accuracy, compared with the N gene sequencing gold standard. Evaluated on over 4,000 clinical samples retrospectively and during the 2025-2026MeV outbreak in Israel, the assay revealed that \u223c9% of tested originated from vaccine strain. Among tested municipalities, those running active vaccination campaigns had significantly higher vaccine strain detections (&amp;gt;10 cases each) than those with routine vaccination (1-2 cases). Retrospective analysis of samples from 2018-2024 identified a mix of B and D strains. The novel assay successfully identified double infection cases (exposure to a wild strain shortly before or after vaccination).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The novel assay proved useful both as a diagnostic tool that enables focused, efficient healthcare response, and as an epidemiological tool that provides valuable information in real-time. This assay is faster, cheaper and more amendable for high throughput testing, compared with the gold-standard sequencing classification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:37:41Z","timestamp":1791891461000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid Differentiation of Vaccine and Wild-Type Measles Virus During an Ongoing Outbreak using a new molecular assay"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Efrat","family":"Bucris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Central Virology Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat-Gan 5262100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Central Virology Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat-Gan 5262100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Azar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Central Virology Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat-Gan 5262100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Batya","family":"Mannasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Central Virology Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat-Gan 5262100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadar","family":"Assraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Central Virology Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat-Gan 5262100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7188-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vardit","family":"Moshayoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Central Virology Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat-Gan 5262100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roaa","family":"Shatrubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Central Virology Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat-Gan 5262100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"Kanaaneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Central Virology Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat-Gan 5262100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7675-0591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Indenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Central Virology Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat-Gan 5262100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neta S","family":"Zuckerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Central Virology Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat-Gan 5262100 ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , 6997801, Tel-Aviv ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaniv","family":"Lustig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Central Virology Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat-Gan 5262100 ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , 6997801, Tel-Aviv ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4839-8997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oran","family":"Erster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Central Virology Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat-Gan 5262100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag518\/71972742\/jiag518.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag518\/71972742\/jiag518.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:43:33Z","timestamp":1792079013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag518\/8918425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag518","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"article-number":"jiag518"}}