{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:53:18Z","timestamp":1783133598438,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,8]],"date-time":"2011-10-08T05:58:10Z","timestamp":1318053490000},"page":"1730-1740","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["High Plasma Interleukin-18 Levels Mark the Acute Phase of Hepatitis C Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Chattergoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordana S.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Latanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William O.","family":"Osburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Global prevalence","volume":"72","author":"WHO. Hepatitis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib2","first-page":"2157","volume-title":"Principles and practices of infectious diseases","author":"Ray","year":"2010"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1086\/428578","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of community-acquired acute-phase hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"40","author":"Cox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00624.x","article-title":"IL-1, IL-18, and IL-33 families of cytokines","volume":"223","author":"Arend","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636362","article-title":"A role for plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the rapid IL-18-dependent activation of NK cells following HSV-1 infection","volume":"37","author":"Barr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.5.3214","article-title":"IL-18, but not IL-12, regulates NK cell activity following intranasal herpes simplex virus type 1 infection","volume":"179","author":"Reading","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9960","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.18.9960-9968.2003","article-title":"Vaccinia virus interleukin-18-binding protein promotes virulence by reducing gamma interferon production and natural killer and T-cell activity","volume":"77","author":"Reading","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2010.0065","article-title":"Sustained high levels of serum interferon-gamma during HIV-1 infection: a specific trend different from other cytokines","volume":"23","author":"Watanabe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1086\/650314","article-title":"HIV-1 causes an imbalance in the production of interleukin-18 and its natural antagonist in HIV-infected individuals: implications for enhanced viral replication","volume":"201","author":"Iannello","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0819-z","article-title":"Association of interleukin-18 gene polymorphisms with hepatitis B virus clearance","volume":"55","author":"Cheong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10702","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.21.10702-10707.2002","article-title":"Interleukin-18 inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in the livers of transgenic mice","volume":"76","author":"Kimura","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/378088a0","article-title":"Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-gamma production by T cells","volume":"378","author":"Okamura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1086\/592047","article-title":"Regulatory polymorphisms in the interleukin-18 promoter are associated with hepatitis C virus clearance","volume":"198","author":"An","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.03021.x","article-title":"Elevation of interleukin-18 in chronic hepatitis C: implications for hepatitis C virus pathogenesis","volume":"128","author":"Sharma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib15","first-page":"415","article-title":"Association between plasma interleukin-18 levels and liver injury in chronic hepatitis C virus infection and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"35","author":"Vecchiet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22759","article-title":"Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C: an update","volume":"49","author":"Ghany","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq165","article-title":"Association of serum cytokine levels with treatment response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C patients","volume":"203","author":"Yoneda","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1086\/651606","article-title":"Large-scale candidate gene analysis of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus","volume":"201","author":"Mosbruger","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08463","article-title":"Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus","volume":"461","author":"Thomas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.09.017","article-title":"Spontaneous control of primary hepatitis C virus infection and immunity against persistent reinfection","volume":"138","author":"Osburn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7059","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.15.7059-7066.2001","article-title":"DNA microarray analysis of chimpanzee liver during acute resolving hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"75","author":"Bigger","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13779","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.24.13779-13792.2004","article-title":"Intrahepatic gene expression during chronic hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees","volume":"78","author":"Bigger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i17.2446","article-title":"The interferon inducing pathways and the hepatitis C virus","volume":"13","author":"Meurs","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-8270-4","article-title":"Immunological determinants of the outcomes from primary hepatitis C infection","volume":"66","author":"Post","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2851","article-title":"Central roles of NLRs and inflammasomes in viral infection","volume":"10","author":"Kanneganti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702152601_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.12.056","article-title":"Genetic variation in IL28B is associated with chronic hepatitis C and treatment failure: a genome-wide association study","volume":"138","author":"Rauch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/204\/11\/1730\/18065127\/jir642.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T12:31:40Z","timestamp":1503491500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jir642"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,7]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jir642","relation":{},"ISSN":["1537-6613","0022-1899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,7]]}}}