{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:56:40Z","timestamp":1789178200174,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,15]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]],"date-time":"2013-03-15T16:28:36Z","timestamp":1363364916000},"page":"1869-1877","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["A Peptide Antagonist of CD28 Signaling Attenuates Toxic Shock and Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infection Induced by Streptococcus pyogenes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"207","author":[{"given":"Girish","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohan E.","family":"Tulapurkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina M.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gila","family":"Arad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anat","family":"Shirvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronen","family":"Shemesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis J.","family":"DeTolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Benazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Opal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Kaempfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan S.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1086\/653116","article-title":"Getting under the skin: the immunopathogenesis of Streptococcus pyogenes deep tissue infections","volume":"51","author":"Johansson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2011.08151.x","article-title":"Gram-positive bacterial superantigen outside-in signaling causes toxic shock syndrome","volume":"278","author":"Brosnahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.6.1399","article-title":"Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A release, distribution, and role in a murine model of fasciitis and multiorgan failure due to Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"173","author":"Sriskandan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.5.2561","article-title":"The bacterial superantigen streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin Z is the major immunoactive agent of Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"169","author":"Unnikrishnan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283458f7e","article-title":"New understandings in Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"24","author":"Lynskey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.2001.0453","article-title":"Complementation of a speA negative Streptococcus pyogenes with speA: effects on virulence and production of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A","volume":"31","author":"Unnikrishnan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00222-0","article-title":"Superantigens: microbial agents that corrupt immunity","volume":"2","author":"Llewelyn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.171.2.455","article-title":"The toxicity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in mice is mediated by T cells","volume":"171","author":"Marrack","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.1.91","article-title":"T cell-mediated lethal shock triggered in mice by the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B: critical role of tumor necrosis factor","volume":"175","author":"Miethke","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.6.823","article-title":"A mutational analysis of the binding of staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C3 to the T cell receptor beta chain and major histocompatibility complex class II","volume":"187","author":"Leder","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.1.232","article-title":"Superantigens associated with staphylococcal and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome are potent inducers of tumor necrosis factor-beta synthesis","volume":"168","author":"Hackett","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-999-0024-4","article-title":"Therapeutic approaches to streptococcal toxic shock syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Baracco","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/74672","article-title":"Superantigen antagonist protects against lethal shock and defines a new domain for T-cell activation","volume":"6","author":"Arad","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001149","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001149","article-title":"Binding of superantigen toxins into the CD28 homodimer interface is essential for induction of cytokine genes that mediate lethal shock","volume":"9","author":"Arad","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-121808-102135","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"5","author":"Olsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1086\/497143","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft-tissue infections","volume":"41","author":"Stevens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.1.23","article-title":"The Eagle effect revisited: efficacy of clindamycin, erythromycin, and penicillin in the treatment of streptococcal myositis","volume":"158","author":"Stevens","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.003","article-title":"Broad-spectrum immunity against superantigens is elicited in mice protected from lethal shock by a superantigen antagonist peptide","volume":"91","author":"Arad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.6.2021","article-title":"Pretreatment with recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor alpha\/cachectin and murine interleukin 1 alpha protects mice from lethal bacterial infection","volume":"169","author":"Cross","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410020866","article-title":"Successful management of severe group A streptococcal soft tissue infections using an aggressive medical regimen including intravenous polyspecific immunoglobulin together with a conservative surgical approach","volume":"37","author":"Norrby-Teglund","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)65800-X","article-title":"Detection of circulating bacterial superantigen and lymphotoxin-alpha in patients with streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome","volume":"348","author":"Sriskandan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1825-3_130","article-title":"Superantigenic activity produced by group A streptococcal isolates is neutralized by plasma from IVIG-treated streptococcal toxic shock syndrome patients","volume":"418","author":"Norrby-Teglund","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1584","article-title":"Neutralization of staphylococcal enterotoxin B by soluble, high-affinity receptor antagonists","volume":"13","author":"Buonpane","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31385","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.204982","article-title":"A small molecule that mimics the BB-loop in the Toll interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor domain of MyD88 attenuates staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and toxicity in mice","volume":"286","author":"Kissner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170702142039_JIT104C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00277-10","article-title":"A single, engineered protein therapeutic agent neutralizes exotoxins from both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/207\/12\/1869\/18068588\/jit104.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T14:06:58Z","timestamp":1503497218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jit104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jit104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1537-6613","0022-1899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]]}}}