{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:18:22Z","timestamp":1791249502964,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl_1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,7]],"date-time":"2013-10-07T13:46:24Z","timestamp":1381153584000},"page":"S39-S45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Cholera outbreak in South Africa, 2008\u20132009: Laboratory analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Husna","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division in the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division in the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nomsa P.","family":"Tau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division in the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvinda","family":"Sooka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division in the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen H.","family":"Keddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division in the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Group for Enteric, Respiratory and Meningeal Disease Surveillance in South Africa (GERMS-SA)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.034744-0","article-title":"Multi-drug resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 variant El Tor isolated in northern Vietnam between 2007 and 2010","volume":"61","author":"Tran","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir416","article-title":"Natural cholera infection\u2013derived immunity in an endemic setting","volume":"204","author":"Ali","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32834a88af","article-title":"Cholera in the 21st century","volume":"24","author":"Charles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C4","first-page":"120","article-title":"Cholera and other Vibrioses","volume-title":"Control of communicable diseases manual","author":"Boore","year":"2008","edition":"19th ed"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10392","article-title":"Evidence for several waves of global transmission in the seventh cholera pandemic","volume":"477","author":"Mutreja","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011925107536","article-title":"The global dimensions of cholera","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Global Change and Human Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2009.10.003","article-title":"Evolution of new variants of Vibrio cholerae O1","volume":"18","author":"Safa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1711.110805","article-title":"Characterization of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae from Haiti, 2010\u20132011","volume":"17","author":"Talkington","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1707.110625","article-title":"Implications of the introduction of cholera to Haiti","volume":"17","author":"Dowell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8767","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019712108","article-title":"Estimating the reproductive numbers for the 2008\u20132009 cholera outbreaks in Zimbabwe","volume":"108","author":"Mukandavire","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00432-11","article-title":"Phenotypic, genotypic, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of strains isolated from the cholera epidemic in Zimbabwe","volume":"49","author":"Islam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0810559","article-title":"A lion in our village\u2014the unconscionable tragedy of cholera in Africa","volume":"360","author":"Mintz","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C13","article-title":"Cholera outbreak in South Africa: preliminary descriptive epidemiology on laboratory-confirmed cases, 15 November 2008 to April 2009","author":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Bulletin"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C14","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; eighteenth informational supplement. CLSI document M100-18. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2008; 28.","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.4.1479-1480.2003","article-title":"Can Etest be used to determine Vibrio cholerae susceptibility to erythromycin?","volume":"47","author":"Ng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2006.3.51","article-title":"Development and validation of a PulseNet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for subtyping of Vibrio cholerae","volume":"3","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.3.1045-1050.2005","article-title":"Establishment of a universal size standard strain for use with the PulseNet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols: converting the national databases to the new size standard","volume":"43","author":"Hunter","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90792-F","article-title":"Detecting and biotyping Vibrio cholerae O1 with multiplex polymerase chain reaction","volume":"341","author":"Keasler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2976","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00293-11","article-title":"Genetic characterization of multidrug-resistant, extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Vibrio cholerae O1 outbreak strains, Mpumalanga, South Africa, 2008","volume":"49","author":"Ismail","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.145.3.1365-1373.1981","article-title":"Rapid procedure for detection and isolation of large and small plasmids","volume":"145","author":"Kado","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm257","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa isolated in Manhica District Hospital, southern Mozambique","volume":"60","author":"Mandomando","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn334","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae O1 from Accra, Ghana carrying a class 2 integron and the SXT element","volume":"62","author":"Opintan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.4314\/wsa.v36i5.61995","article-title":"A survey of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 in estuarine waters and sediments of Beira, Mozambique","volume":"36","author":"du Preez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water SA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-009-0007-z","article-title":"Antimicrobial suscetibility and molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae from cholera outbreaks in Chennai","volume":"49","author":"Kingston","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1808.111686","article-title":"Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Vibrio cholerae, India","volume":"18","author":"Mandal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.04.014","article-title":"Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Salmonella spp. at a tertiary hospital in Durban, South Africa","volume":"62","author":"Usha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.1.88-95.2001","article-title":"Complexity and diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases isolated in 1994 and 1996 at a teaching hospital in Durban, South Africa","volume":"45","author":"Essack","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70059-7","article-title":"Dissemination of NDM-1 positive bacteria in the New Delhi environment and its implications for human health: an environmental point prevalence study","volume":"11","author":"Walsh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.5.1462-1468.2002","article-title":"Plasmidic extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor isolates in Argentina","volume":"46","author":"Petroni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.6.827","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae O1 outbreak isolates in Mozambique and South Africa in 1998 are multiple-drug resistant, contain the SXT element and the aadA2 gene located on class 1 integrons","volume":"48","author":"Dalsgaard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01310-05","article-title":"New cluster of plasmid-located Class 1 integrons in Vibrio cholerae O1 and a dfrA15 cassette-containing integron in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in Angola","volume":"50","author":"Ceccarelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl352","article-title":"Prevalence of aadA1 and dfrA15 class 1 integron cassettes and SXT circulation in Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from Africa","volume":"58","author":"Ceccarelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-143","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of some Vibrio strains isolated from wastewater final effluents in a rural community of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa","volume":"10","author":"Okoh","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.11.2991-3000.2001","article-title":"Molecular analysis of the antibiotic resistance gene clusters in the Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1 SXT constins","volume":"45","author":"Hochhut","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01045-09","article-title":"Transferable quinolone resistance in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"54","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2676","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2676-2678.2002","article-title":"Role of active efflux in association with target gene mutations in fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae","volume":"46","author":"Baranwal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00998-10","article-title":"Spread of the qnrVC quinolone resistance determinant in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"55","author":"da Fonseca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C39","first-page":"200","article-title":"Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae strains and their associated malaises","volume":"3","author":"Etinosa","year":"2009","journal-title":"African J Med Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05785-11","article-title":"Possible laboratory contamination leads to incorrect reporting of Vibrio cholerae O1 and initiates an outbreak response","volume":"50","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1611.100568","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae O1 variant with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, Western Africa","volume":"16","author":"Quilici","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1011.040682","article-title":"Cholera in Mozambique, variant of Vibrio cholerae","volume":"10","author":"Ansaruzzaman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.032458-0","article-title":"Molecular evidence favouring step-wise evolution of Mozambique Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor hybrid strain","volume":"156","author":"Halder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328153612_JIT200C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1711.110794","article-title":"Comparative genomics of Vibrio cholerae from Haiti, Asia, and Africa","volume":"17","author":"Reimer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/208\/suppl_1\/S39\/18069997\/jit200.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T11:58:19Z","timestamp":1596628699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/208\/suppl_1\/S39\/832199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl_1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jit200","relation":{},"ISSN":["1537-6613","0022-1899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]}}}