{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T15:26:51Z","timestamp":1791127611790,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]],"date-time":"2014-06-13T07:19:28Z","timestamp":1402643968000},"page":"1711-1722","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology of Infant Botulism in California and Elsewhere, 1976\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"210","author":[{"given":"Haydee A.","family":"Dabritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen K.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Barash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence O.","family":"Ticknor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Helma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Dover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen S.","family":"Arnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051926","article-title":"Human Botulism Immune Globulin for the treatment of infant botulism","volume":"354","author":"Arnon","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197609302951407","article-title":"Syndrome of botulism in infancy: clinical and electrophysiologic study","volume":"295","author":"Pickett","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)90894-1","article-title":"Infant botulism: identification of Clostridium botulinum and its toxins in faeces","volume":"2","author":"Midura","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1977.03270450036016","article-title":"Infant botulism: epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects","volume":"237","author":"Arnon","year":"1977","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit449","article-title":"A novel strain of Clostridium botulinum that produces type B and type H botulinum toxins","volume":"209","author":"Barash","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit450","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a novel botulinum neurotoxin type H gene","volume":"209","author":"Dover","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01180-06","article-title":"Genetic diversity among botulinum neurotoxin\u2013producing clostridial strains","volume":"189","author":"Hill","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2778","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02828-07","article-title":"Analysis of neurotoxin cluster genes in Clostridium botulinum strains producing botulinum neurotoxin serotype A subtypes","volume":"74","author":"Jacobson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00799-09","article-title":"Novel Clostridium botulinum toxin gene arrangement with subtype A5 and partial subtype B3 botulinum neurotoxin genes","volume":"47","author":"Dover","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Genetic diversity within Clostridium botulinum serotypes, botulinum neurotoxin gene clusters and toxin subtypes","volume":"364","author":"Hill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6094","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01009-09","article-title":"Neurotoxin gene clusters in Clostridium botulinum type Ab strains","volume":"75","author":"L\u00faquez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C12","first-page":"29","article-title":"First outbreak of botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum subtype Af. [Spanish]","volume":"18","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rev Argent Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C13","first-page":"68","article-title":"Clostridium botulinum subtype Ba","volume":"257","author":"Gim\u00e9nez","year":"1984","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.25.12.2334-2338.1987","article-title":"Examination of feces and serum for diagnosis of infant botulism in 336 patients","volume":"25","author":"Hatheway","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.8.1911-1917.1994","article-title":"Detection of type A, B, and E botulism neurotoxin genes in Clostridium botulinum and other Clostridium species by PCR: evidence of unexpressed type B toxin genes in type A toxigenic organisms","volume":"32","author":"Franciosa","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08329.x","article-title":"Genetic characterisation of the botulinum toxin complex of Clostridium botulinum strain NCTC 2916","volume":"140","author":"Henderson","year":"1996","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10786","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.18.10786","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Clostridium botulinum type A containing silent type B neurotoxin gene sequences","volume":"271","author":"Hutson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.2.207","article-title":"Two cases of type E infant botulism caused by neurotoxigenic Clostridium butyricum in Italy","volume":"154","author":"Aureli","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.21.4.654-655.1985","article-title":"Isolation of an organism resembling Clostridium barati which produces type F botulinal toxin from an infant with botulism","volume":"21","author":"Hall","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.3.1148-1154.2005","article-title":"Efficient DNA fingerprinting of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis","volume":"71","author":"Keto-Timonen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8625","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.05155-11","article-title":"Analysis of Clostridium botulinum serotype E strains using multilocus sequence typing, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and botulinum neurotoxin gene sequencing","volume":"77","author":"Macdonald","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C22","volume-title":"Botulism in the United States, 1899\u20131996: handbook for epidemiologists, clinicians and laboratory workers","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1998"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4863","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.10.4863-4873.2001","article-title":"Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of Norwegian Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates","volume":"67","author":"Ticknor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1080\/03610929708831995","article-title":"Bernoulli, discrete Poisson and continuous Poisson models: a spatial scan statistic","volume":"26","author":"Kulldorff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Comms Stat Theory Methods"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3242.279","article-title":"Remarks on botulism as seen in Scotland in 1922","volume":"1","author":"Monro","year":"1923","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C26","volume-title":"Botulism and food preservation (the Loch Maree tragedy)","author":"Leighton","year":"1923"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.1.511-513.2005","article-title":"Infant botulism acquired from household dust presenting as sudden infant death syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Nevas","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91264-3","article-title":"Intestinal infection and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum as one cause of sudden infant death syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Arnon","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2009.12.003","article-title":"Detection and differentiation of Clostridium botulinum type A strains using a focused DNA microarray","volume":"24","author":"Raphael","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Probes"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1086\/592574","article-title":"International outbreak of severe botulism with prolonged toxemia caused by commercial carrot juice","volume":"47","author":"Sheth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C31","first-page":"540","article-title":"Infant botulism type B in central Europe","volume":"250","author":"Neubauer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.2307\/4583001","article-title":"Outbreak of botulism in Tennessee due to Type B Cl. botulinum","volume":"54","author":"Tucker","year":"1939","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7192","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.12.7192-7199.2004","article-title":"Differentiation of the gene clusters encoding botulinum neurotoxin type A complexes in Clostridium botulinum type A, Ab, and A(B) strains","volume":"70","author":"Franciosa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(03)00911-X","article-title":"Characterization of six type A strains of Clostridium botulinum that contain type B toxin gene sequences","volume":"231","author":"Kirma","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01539-07","article-title":"Differentiation of Clostridium botulinum serotype A strains using multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis","volume":"74","author":"Macdonald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.14.6.607-611.1981","article-title":"Atypical toxin variant of Clostridium botulinum type B associated with infant botulism","volume":"14","author":"Hatheway","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C37","first-page":"51","article-title":"Identification of strain B 657 of Clostridium botulinum. [in Spanish]","volume":"15","author":"Gim\u00e9nez","year":"1983","journal-title":"Rev Argent Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C38","first-page":"85","article-title":"Case of infant botulism in Texas","volume":"73","author":"Edmond","year":"1977","journal-title":"Tex Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C39","first-page":"141","article-title":"Phenotypic characterization of Clostridium botulinum strains isolated from infant botulism cases in Argentina","volume":"41","author":"Sagua","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Argent Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C40","first-page":"308","article-title":"A novel multiplex PCR method for Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A gene cluster typing","volume":"54","author":"Umeda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.6.2602-2607.2005","article-title":"Characterization of Clostridium botulinum strains associated with an infant botulism case in the United Kingdom","volume":"43","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80863-X","article-title":"Honey and other environmental risk factors for infant botulism","volume":"94","author":"Arnon","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-45.11.1028","article-title":"Clostridium botulinum spores in infant foods: a survey","volume":"45","author":"Kautter","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.008","article-title":"Presence of Clostridium botulinum spores in Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) and its relationship with infant botulism","volume":"121","author":"Bianco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"issue":"Pt 8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46000-0","article-title":"A case of infant botulism with a possible link to infant formula milk powder: evidence for the presence of more than one strain of Clostridium botulinum in clinical specimens and food","volume":"54","author":"Brett","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.75.5.928","article-title":"Epidemiologic study of infant botulism in Pennsylvania: report of the Infant Botulism Study Group","volume":"75","author":"Long","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197908163010705","article-title":"An unusual outbreak of windborne coccidioidomycosis","volume":"301","author":"Flynn","year":"1979","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4137","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.7.4137-4139.2005","article-title":"Distribution of botulinum toxin-producing clostridia in soils of Argentina","volume":"71","author":"L\u00faquez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C49","first-page":"74","article-title":"The occurrence of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani in the soil of the United States","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"1978","journal-title":"Health Lab Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175421_JIU331C50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.5.2057-2064.1999","article-title":"Biodiversity of Clostridium botulinum type E strains isolated from fish and fishery products","volume":"65","author":"Hyyti\u00e4","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T00:52:47Z","timestamp":1649379167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiu331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiu331","relation":{},"ISSN":["1537-6613","0022-1899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]}}}