{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:43:27Z","timestamp":1790934207624,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,15]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T04:23:47Z","timestamp":1410409427000},"page":"879-888","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Impact of Genotype-Specific Herd Immunity on the Circulatory Dynamism of Norovirus: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study of Viral Acute Gastroenteritis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"211","author":[{"given":"Naomi","family":"Sakon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Nakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Kanbayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Yoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanobu","family":"Mantani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Kase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Komano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1908.130465","article-title":"Norovirus disease in the United States","volume":"19","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1206589","article-title":"Norovirus and medically attended gastroenteritis in U.S. children","volume":"368","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1086\/605127","article-title":"Norovirus illness is a global problem: emergence and spread of norovirus GII.4 variants, 2001\u20132007","volume":"200","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21237","article-title":"Norwalk virus: how infectious is it?","volume":"80","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.7.2988-2995.2004","article-title":"Coexistence of multiple genotypes, including newly identified genotypes, in outbreaks of gastroenteritis due to norovirus in Japan","volume":"42","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-013-1708-5","article-title":"Proposal for a unified norovirus nomenclature and genotyping","volume":"158","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11247","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00897-08","article-title":"Identification of monomorphic and divergent haplotypes in the 2006\u20132007 norovirus GII\/4 epidemic population by genomewide tracing of evolutionary history","volume":"82","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.2.327-333.2006","article-title":"Emergence of a new norovirus genotype II.4 variant associated with global outbreaks of gastroenteritis","volume":"44","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050031","article-title":"Mechanisms of GII.4 norovirus persistence in human populations","volume":"5","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06189-11","article-title":"Genetic mapping of a highly variable norovirus GII.4 blockade epitope: potential role in escape from human herd immunity","volume":"86","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5363","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02518-08","article-title":"Herd immunity to GII.4 noroviruses is supported by outbreak patient sera","volume":"83","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.25.10.2001-2003.1987","article-title":"Norwalk virus antigen and antibody response in an adult volunteer study","volume":"25","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/129.6.709","article-title":"Comparison of three agents of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis by cross-challenge in volunteers","volume":"129","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197707142970204","article-title":"Clinical immunity in acute gastroenteritis caused by Norwalk agent","volume":"297","year":"1977","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/123.3.307","article-title":"Transmission of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis to volunteers by oral administration of stool filtrates","volume":"123","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.1.18","article-title":"Multiple-challenge study of host susceptibility to Norwalk gastroenteritis in US adults","volume":"161","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/151.1.99","article-title":"Evidence of immunity induced by naturally acquired rotavirus and Norwalk virus infection on two remote Panamanian islands","volume":"151","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/145.4.483","article-title":"Acquisition of serum antibody to Norwalk virus and rotavirus and relation to diarrhea in a longitudinal study of young children in rural Bangladesh","volume":"145","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit763","article-title":"Multiple norovirus infections in a birth cohort in a Peruvian periurban community","volume":"58","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C20","article-title":"Rapid emergence and antigenic diversification of the norovirus 2012 Sydney variant in Denmark, October to December, 2012","volume":"18","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(01)00404-9","article-title":"Genogroup-specific PCR primers for detection of Norwalk-like viruses","volume":"100","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-006-0820-1","article-title":"The detection of human sapoviruses with universal and genogroup-specific primers","volume":"151","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.77.53","article-title":"Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by human group C rotavirus in a youth educational center in Okayama Prefecture [in Japanese]","volume":"77","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kansenshogaku Zasshi"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(200005)61:1<125::AID-JMV20>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Genomic characterization of human astrovirus type 6 Katano virus and the establishment of a rapid and effective reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to detect all serotypes of human astrovirus","volume":"61","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1568","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome of 18 Norwalk-like viruses","volume":"299","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1548-1557.2003","article-title":"Broadly reactive and highly sensitive assay for Norwalk-like viruses based on real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR","volume":"41","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1702(95)00041-N","article-title":"Capsid diversity in small round-structured viruses: molecular characterization of an antigenically distinct human enteric calicivirus","volume":"37","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01166-08","article-title":"Continuous presence of noroviruses and sapoviruses in raw sewage reflects infections among inhabitants of Toyama, Japan (2006 to 2008)","volume":"75","year":"2009","journal-title":"App Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2010.08.001","article-title":"The relationship between health care and nonhealth care norovirus outbreak settings and norovirus genotype in Victoria, Australia, 2002\u20132005","volume":"44","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3397","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01932-07","article-title":"Single base substitutions in the capsid region of the norovirus genome during viral shedding in cases of infection in areas where norovirus infection is endemic","volume":"46","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33754","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033754","article-title":"Assessment of gastroenteric viruses frequency in a children's day care center in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil: a fifteen year study (1994\u20132008)","volume":"7","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811000549","article-title":"Norovirus genotypes in endemic acute gastroenteritis of infants and children in Finland between 1994 and 2007","volume":"140","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2011.588610","article-title":"Noroviruses as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in Finland, 2009\u20132010","volume":"43","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C34","first-page":"8","article-title":"Indications for worldwide increased norovirus activity associated with emergence of a new variant of genotype II.4, late 2012","volume":"18","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1908.130472","article-title":"Duration of immunity to norovirus gastroenteritis","volume":"19","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11890","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00864-09","article-title":"Evolutionary dynamics of GII.4 noroviruses over a 34-year period","volume":"83","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000831","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000831","article-title":"Rapid evolution of pandemic noroviruses of the GII.4 lineage","volume":"6","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000247102.04997.e0","article-title":"Prolonged norovirus shedding in infants <or=6 months of age with gastroenteritis","volume":"26","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2006.131627","article-title":"Sequential gastroenteritis episodes caused by 2 norovirus genotypes","volume":"20","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8085","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02125-09","article-title":"Divergent evolution of norovirus GII\/4 by genome recombination from May 2006 to February 2009 in Japan","volume":"84","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22215","article-title":"Characterization of norovirus strains in Australian children from 2006 to 2008: prevalence of recombinant strains","volume":"83","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8656","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00472-11","article-title":"Comparative evolution of GII.3 and GII.4 norovirus over a 31-year period","volume":"85","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425185815_JIU496C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12861","article-title":"Mutational and fitness landscapes of an RNA virus revealed through population sequencing","volume":"505","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T21:08:20Z","timestamp":1650143300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiu496"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiu496","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]]}}}