{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:21:47Z","timestamp":1788931307259,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,16]],"date-time":"2017-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007699","name":"University of Georgia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,12]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T23:11:47Z","timestamp":1505344307000},"page":"1425-1433","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["A Persistent Hotspot of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in a Five-Year Randomized Trial of Praziquantel Preventative Chemotherapy Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"216","author":[{"given":"Ryan E","family":"Wiegand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline N M","family":"Mwinzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan P","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YuYen L","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kennedy","family":"Andiego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Omedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Muchiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael O","family":"Ogutu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrick","family":"Rawago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurice R","family":"Odiere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana M S","family":"Karanja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W Evan","family":"Secor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.04.013","article-title":"Time to set the agenda for schistosomiasis elimination","volume":"128","author":"Rollinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130434","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0434","article-title":"The contribution of mass drug administration to global health: past, present and future","volume":"369","author":"Webster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0983-2","article-title":"Can human Schistosomiasis mansoni control be sustained in high-risk transmission foci in Egypt","volume":"8","author":"Elmorshedy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2","article-title":"Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Vos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0005","first-page":"585","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases: number of people treated in 2015","volume":"91","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3286","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003286","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and tolerability of praziquantel for intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis-a meta-analysis of comparative and non-comparative clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Zwang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1086\/651682","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of mefloquine, artesunate, mefloquine-artesunate, and praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium: randomized, exploratory open-label trial","volume":"50","author":"Keiser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0008","volume-title":"Preventive Chemotherapy in Human Helminthiasis: Coordinated Use of Anthelminthic Drugs in Control Interventions: A Manual for Health Professionals and Programme Managers","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2006"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004329","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004329","article-title":"Sustaining control of Schistosomiasis mansoni in Western C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire: results from a SCORE Study, one year after initial praziquantel administration","volume":"10","author":"Assar\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu416","article-title":"Can mass drug administration lead to the sustainable control of schistosomiasis","volume":"211","author":"Ross","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-3151-z","article-title":"Susceptibility or resistance of praziquantel in human schistosomiasis: a review","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw506","article-title":"Reduced efficacy of praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni is associated with multiple rounds of mass drug administration","volume":"63","author":"Crellen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7110","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701878104","article-title":"Environmental effects on parasitic disease transmission exemplified by schistosomiasis in western China","volume":"104","author":"Liang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0014","first-page":"609","article-title":"Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma","volume":"69","author":"Esrey","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.047563","article-title":"Is mass treatment the appropriate schistosomiasis elimination strategy","volume":"86","author":"Tallo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762006000900010","article-title":"The spatial distribution of Schistosoma mansoni infection before and after chemotherapy in the Jequitinhonha Valley in Brazil","volume":"101","author":"Gazzinelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2991","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002991","article-title":"Risk factors and spatial distribution of Schistosoma mansoni infection among primary school children in Mbita District, Western Kenya","volume":"8","author":"Nagi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2608","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002608","article-title":"Micro-geographical heterogeneity in Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium infection and morbidity in a co-endemic community in northern Senegal","volume":"7","author":"Meurs","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2849","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002849","article-title":"Reduction patterns of acute schistosomiasis in the People\u2019s Republic of China","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.04.027","article-title":"Identifying high-risk regions for schistosomiasis in Guichi, China: a spatial analysis","volume":"107","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1575-2","article-title":"Gaining and sustaining schistosomiasis control: study protocol and baseline data prior to different treatment strategies in five African countries","volume":"16","author":"Ezeamama","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2016.01.006","article-title":"Impact of two rounds of praziquantel mass drug administration on Schistosoma mansoni infection prevalence and intensity: a comparison between community wide treatment and school based treatment in western Kenya","volume":"46","author":"Onkanga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0023","author":"Mwinzi","year":"2017"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90034-3","article-title":"Development and validation of a \u2018tablet pole\u2019 for the administration of praziquantel in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"95","author":"Montresor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71635","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071635","article-title":"Use of geospatial modeling to predict Schistosoma mansoni prevalence in Nyanza Province, Kenya","volume":"8","author":"Woodhall","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0026","article-title":"MOD13Q1 MODIS\/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V006","author":"Didan"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0027","article-title":"MOD11A2 MODIS\/Terra Land Surface Temperature\/Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V006","author":"Wan"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0028","author":"United States Geological Survey Famine Early Warning Systems Network Data Portal"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1080\/03610929708831995","article-title":"A spatial scan statistic","volume":"26","author":"Kulldorff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Commun Stat Theory"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-8-58","article-title":"A scan statistic for continuous data based on the normal probability model","volume":"8","author":"Kulldorff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models","volume":"73","author":"Liang","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x","article-title":"Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso","volume":"58","author":"Tibshirani","year":"1996","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2307\/3314912","article-title":"Negative binomial and mixed Poisson regression","volume":"15","author":"Lawless","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can J Stat"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","article-title":"pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves","volume":"12","author":"Robin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj063","article-title":"The inconsistency of \u201coptimal\u201d cutpoints obtained using two criteria based on the receiver operating characteristic curve","volume":"163","author":"Perkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51862","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051862","article-title":"Cutoff Finder: a comprehensive and straightforward web application enabling rapid biomarker cutoff optimization","volume":"7","author":"Budczies","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0427","article-title":"What is a hotspot anyway","volume":"96","author":"Lessler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0368","article-title":"Defining persistent hotspots: areas that fail to decrease meaningfully in prevalence after multiple years of mass drug administration with praziquantel for control of schistosomiasis","author":"Kittur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000304","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000304","article-title":"Stable and unstable malaria hotspots in longitudinal cohort studies in Kenya","volume":"7","author":"Bejon","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259504","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1259504","article-title":"Why infectious disease research needs community ecology","volume":"349","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00646.x","article-title":"Efficacy of praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni with particular consideration for intensity of infection","volume":"5","author":"Utzinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.04.003","article-title":"Cure rate is not a valid indicator for assessing drug efficacy and impact of preventive chemotherapy interventions against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis","volume":"105","author":"Montresor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-125","article-title":"Schistosoma haematobium hotspots in south Nyanza, western Kenya: prevalence, distribution and co-endemicity with Schistosoma mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths","volume":"7","author":"Sang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009006222","article-title":"Remote sensing, geographical information system and spatial analysis for schistosomiasis epidemiology and ecology in Africa","volume":"136","author":"Simoonga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.1.338","article-title":"Heterogeneities in the transmission of infectious agents: implications for the design of control programs","volume":"94","author":"Woolhouse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04153","article-title":"Superspreading and the effect of individual variation on disease emergence","volume":"438","author":"Lloyd-Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09781-7","article-title":"Resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni in occupationally exposed adults and effect of HIV-1 co-infection on susceptibility to schistosomiasis: a longitudinal study","volume":"360","author":"Karanja","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inhe.2011.06.002","article-title":"Planning schistosomiasis control: investigation of alternative sampling strategies for Schistosoma mansoni to target mass drug administration of praziquantel in East Africa","volume":"3","author":"Sturrock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991600","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and neglected tropical diseases: towards integrated and sustainable control and a word of caution","volume":"136","author":"Utzinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180423032423_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1890\/110111","article-title":"From superspreaders to disease hotspots: linking transmission across hosts and space","volume":"10","author":"Paull","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Ecol Environ"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/216\/11\/1425\/24697706\/jix496.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T14:52:43Z","timestamp":1750863163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/216\/11\/1425\/4159409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,16]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jix496","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,16]]}}}