{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T19:57:44Z","timestamp":1784231864016,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","funder":[{"name":"Belgium Federal Public Service"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T20:11:51Z","timestamp":1511208711000},"page":"790-801","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Anti\u2013Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Tenofovir, a Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, Also Targets the Herpes Simplex Virus DNA Polymerase"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"217","author":[{"given":"Graciela","family":"Andrei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Gillemot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Topalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Snoeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit458","article-title":"Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2\u2014United States, 1999\u20132010","volume":"209","author":"Bradley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2527-1","article-title":"Decreasing seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in Germany leaves many people susceptible to genital infection: time to raise awareness and enhance control","volume":"17","author":"Korr","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1707-8","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in the Netherlands: seroprevalence, risk factors and changes during a 12-year period","volume":"16","author":"Woestenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.3","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus type-2 stimulates HIV-1 replication in cervical tissues: implications for HIV-1 transmission and efficacy of anti-HIV-1 microbicides","volume":"7","author":"Rollenhagen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0355-4","article-title":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV infection: current status, future opportunities and challenges","volume":"75","author":"Krakower","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00043-15","article-title":"Current concepts for genital herpes simplex virus infection: diagnostics and pathogenesis of genital tract shedding","volume":"29","author":"Johnston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2016.04.015","article-title":"Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) as the successor of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)","volume":"119","author":"De Clercq","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193748","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women","volume":"329","author":"Abdool Karim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1410649","article-title":"Tenofovir gel for the prevention of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection","volume":"373","author":"Abdool Karim","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32834ef5ef","article-title":"Tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: evolving evidence","volume":"25","author":"Celum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F13","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283522272","article-title":"Unraveling the divergent results of pre-exposure prophylaxis trials for HIV prevention","volume":"26","author":"van der Straten","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328341ddf7","article-title":"No impact of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on herpes simplex virus shedding in HIV-infected adults","volume":"25","author":"Tan","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix029","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus type 2 acquisition among HIV-1-infected adults treated with tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate as part of combination antiretroviral therapy: results from the ACTG A5175 PEARLS study","volume":"215","author":"Celum","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1108524","article-title":"Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women","volume":"367","author":"Baeten","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-2471","article-title":"Daily oral tenofovir and emtricitabine-tenofovir preexposure prophylaxis reduces herpes simplex virus type 2 acquisition among heterosexual HIV-1-uninfected men and women: a subgroup analysis of a randomized trial","volume":"161","author":"Celum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60878-7","article-title":"Drug concentrations after topical and oral antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis: implications for HIV prevention in women","volume":"378","author":"Karim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.07.008","article-title":"Discovery of genetic variants of the kinases that activate tenofovir in a compartment-specific manner","volume":"2","author":"Lade","year":"2015","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.07.042","article-title":"Tenofovir activating kinases may impact the outcome of HIV treatment and prevention","volume":"2","author":"Topalis","year":"2015","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.2.332","article-title":"Differential antiherpesvirus and antiretrovirus effects of the (S) and (R) enantiomers of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates: potent and selective in vitro and in vivo antiretrovirus activities of (R)-9-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)-2,6-diaminopurine","volume":"37","author":"Balzarini","year":"1993","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.08.015","article-title":"Topical tenofovir, a microbicide effective against HIV, inhibits herpes simplex virus-2 replication","volume":"10","author":"Andrei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003456","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003456","article-title":"A multi-targeted drug candidate with dual anti-HIV and anti-HSV activity","volume":"9","author":"Balzarini","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350701200502","article-title":"DNA polymerase mutations in drug-resistant herpes simplex virus mutants determine in vivo neurovirulence and drug-enzyme interactions","volume":"12","author":"Andrei","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-3-639","article-title":"Resistance of herpes simplex virus type 1 against different phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives of purines and pyrimidines due to specific mutations in the viral DNA polymerase gene","volume":"81","author":"Andrei","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00615-10","article-title":"Resistance of herpes simplex viruses to nucleoside analogues: mechanisms, prevalence, and management","volume":"55","author":"Piret","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-7646(02)00021-3","article-title":"Resistance of herpesviruses to antiviral drugs: clinical impacts and molecular mechanisms","volume":"5","author":"Gilbert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.03.015","article-title":"Single nucleotide polymorphisms of thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase genes in clinical herpes simplex virus type 1 isolates associated with different resistance phenotypes","volume":"107","author":"Schubert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4833","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00669-10","article-title":"Genotypic characterization of UL23 thymidine kinase and UL30 DNA polymerase of clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus: natural polymorphism and mutations associated with resistance to antivirals","volume":"54","author":"Burrel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20011","article-title":"(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2\u2019-deoxyuridine (BVDU)","volume":"25","author":"De Clercq","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0029","first-page":"9530","article-title":"Distribution and effects of amino acid changes in drug-resistant \u03b1 and \u03b2 herpesviruses DNA polymerase","volume":"44","author":"Topalis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18193","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M602414200","article-title":"Crystal structure of the herpes simplex virus 1 DNA polymerase","volume":"281","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2008.01.153","article-title":"Genotypic detection of acyclovir-resistant HSV-1: characterization of 67 ACV-sensitive and 14 ACV-resistant viruses","volume":"79","author":"Frobert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350400900107","article-title":"Sequential switching of DNA polymerase and thymidine kinase-mediated HSV-1 drug resistance in an immunocompromised child","volume":"9","author":"Str\u00e1nsk\u00e1","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix042","article-title":"Association of the emergence of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 with prognosis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients","volume":"215","author":"Kakiuchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2017.01.019","article-title":"Herpesvirus DNA polymerases: structures, functions and inhibitors","volume":"234","author":"Zarrouk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12101","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.096529","article-title":"The acyclic 2,4-diaminopyrimidine nucleoside phosphonate acts as a purine mimetic in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase DNA polymerization","volume":"285","author":"Herman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.8.1888","article-title":"K65R mutation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase encodes cross-resistance to 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine","volume":"39","author":"Gu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/135965359900400205","article-title":"In vitro selection and characterization of HIV-1 with reduced susceptibility to PMPA","volume":"4","author":"Wainberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.3.1085","article-title":"Development of drug-resistant herpes simplex virus infection after haploidentical hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation","volume":"99","author":"Langston","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5863","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.9.5863-5869.2005","article-title":"Characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase mutants selected under a single round of high-dose brivudin","volume":"79","author":"Andrei","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00536-8","article-title":"Global epidemiology of drug resistance after failure of WHO recommended first-line regimens for adult HIV-1 infection: a multicentre retrospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"TenoRes Study Group","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.03.024","article-title":"Mutational correlates of virological failure in individuals receiving a WHO-recommended tenofovir-containing first-line regimen: an international collaboration","volume":"18","author":"Rhee","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3282","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku318","article-title":"Prophylactic treatment with a novel bioadhesive gel formulation containing aciclovir and tenofovir protects from HSV-2 infection","volume":"69","author":"Shankar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0157061","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157061","article-title":"Topical delivery of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine from pod-intravaginal rings protects macaques from multiple SHIV exposures","volume":"11","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq198","article-title":"ASP2151, a novel helicase-primase inhibitor, possesses antiviral activity against varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2","volume":"65","author":"Chono","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.01.013","article-title":"HSV antivirals\u2014current and future treatment options","volume":"18","author":"Birkmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0402-392","article-title":"New helicase-primase inhibitors as drug candidates for the treatment of herpes simplex disease","volume":"8","author":"Kleymann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180214074709_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.18189","article-title":"Effect of pritelivir compared with valacyclovir on genital HSV-2 shedding in patients with frequent recurrences: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"316","author":"Wald","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/217\/5\/790\/23933128\/jix605.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T18:40:32Z","timestamp":1659897632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/217\/5\/790\/4653578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jix605","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]]}}}