{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T03:59:52Z","timestamp":1773115192078,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl_4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stanford\u2019s Woods Institute for the Environment"},{"name":"Stanford\u2019s Center for Innovation in Global Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,10]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T15:35:06Z","timestamp":1527780906000},"page":"S250-S254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Urban Slums: A Supportive Ecosystem for Typhoidal<i>Salmonellae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"218","author":[{"given":"Stephen P","family":"Luby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/7.4.489","article-title":"On the Mills-Reincke phenomenon and Hazen\u2019s theorem concerning the decrease in mortality from diseases other than typhoid fever following the purification of public water-supplies","volume":"7","author":"Sedgwick","year":"1910","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2005.0002","article-title":"The role of public health improvements in health advances: the twentieth-century United States","volume":"42","author":"Cutler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0003","volume-title":"The Sanitary City","author":"Melosi","year":"2000"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0004","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Water pollution in Santiago","author":"Bartone","year":"1994"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2007.005b","article-title":"Water systems and urban sanitation: a historical comparison of Tokyo and Singapore","volume":"5","author":"Otaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Water Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09001-1","article-title":"Typhoid fever in children aged less than 5 years","volume":"354","author":"Sinha","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1102.040422","article-title":"Bacteremic typhoid fever in children in an urban slum, Bangladesh","volume":"11","author":"Brooks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807521","article-title":"A cluster-randomized effectiveness trial of Vi typhoid vaccine in India","volume":"361","author":"Sur","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29119","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029119","article-title":"Population-based incidence of typhoid fever in an urban informal settlement and a rural area in Kenya: implications for typhoid vaccine use in Africa","volume":"7","author":"Breiman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2005.0012","article-title":"Deficiencies in drinking water distribution systems in developing countries","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Water Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.13.119594","article-title":"Why \u201cimproved\u201d water sources are not always safe","volume":"92","author":"Shaheed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.2002.tb09526.x","article-title":"Management of nonrevenue water in four cities of Bangladesh","volume":"94","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Water Works Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.2166\/wp.2009.056","article-title":"Urban water supply in India: status, reform options and possible lessons","volume":"11","author":"McKenzie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Policy"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-6593.2000.tb00248.x","article-title":"A realistic basis for an international comparison of real losses from public water-supply systems","volume":"14","author":"Lambert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Water Environ J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jup.2015.07.005","article-title":"Drivers of non-revenue water: a cross-national analysis","volume":"36","author":"van den Berg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Utilities Policy"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0016","volume-title":"The Issues and Challenges of Reducing Non-revenue Water","author":"Frauendorfer","year":"2010"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.1021\/es405054u","article-title":"Mechanisms affecting water quality in an intermittent piped water supply","volume":"48","author":"Kumpel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.05.058","article-title":"Comparing microbial water quality in an intermittent and continuous piped water supply","volume":"47","author":"Kumpel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.2166\/washdev.2014.026","article-title":"Fecal sludge management: a comparative analysis of 12 cities","volume":"4","author":"Peal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Water Sanit Hyg Dev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1306912","article-title":"Water distribution system deficiencies and gastrointestinal illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"122","author":"Ercumen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004346","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004346","article-title":"The ecological dynamics of fecal contamination and Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A in municipal Kathmandu drinking water","volume":"10","author":"Karkey","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110008","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.110008","article-title":"Combined high-resolution genotyping and geospatial analysis reveals modes of endemic urban typhoid fever transmission","volume":"1","author":"Baker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001892","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001892","article-title":"Upgrading a piped water supply from intermittent to continuous delivery and association with waterborne illness: a matched cohort study in urban India","volume":"12","author":"Ercumen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0024","volume-title":"Asian Water Supplies Reaching the Urban Poor. London: Asian Development Bank and International Water Association","author":"McIntosh","year":"2003"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0025","volume-title":"Water for Sale: How Business and the Market Can Resolve the World\u2019s Water Crisis","author":"Segerfeldt","year":"2005"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.3828\/twpr.17.4.c828066008888322","article-title":"The contradictions of urban water provision: a study of Guayaquil, Ecuador","volume":"17","author":"Swyngedouw","year":"1995","journal-title":"Third World Planning Review"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2003.07.003","article-title":"Corruption in public service delivery: experience from South Asia\u2019s water and sanitation sector","volume":"32","author":"Davis","year":"2004","journal-title":"World Development"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/14649357.2012.694265","article-title":"\u201cThe organised encroachment of the powerful\u201d\u2014Everyday practices of public space and water supply in Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"13","author":"Hackenbroch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Planning Theory & Practice"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/0956247812465803","article-title":"The informal practice of appropriation and social control\u2013experience from a bosti in Dhaka","volume":"25","author":"Hossain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Urban"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203756171","volume-title":"Stateof the World\u2019s Cities 2012\/2013: Prosperity of Cities","author":"UN Habitat","year":"2013"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0031","unstructured":"UN Habitat, UN ESCAP. The State of Asian and Pacific Cities 2015. London: UN-Habitat, 2015. http:\/\/www.unescap.org\/sites\/default\/files\/The%20State%20of%20Asian%20and%20Pacific%20Cities%202015.pdf. Accessed 24 June 2018."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09440","article-title":"Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity","volume":"467","author":"V\u00f6r\u00f6smarty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1890\/060148","article-title":"Climate change and the world\u2019s river basins: anticipating management options","volume":"6","author":"Palmer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front Ecol Environ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/0956247807076726","article-title":"Adapting to climate change water management for urban resilience","volume":"19","author":"Muller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Urban"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08238","article-title":"Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India","volume":"460","author":"Rodell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.002","article-title":"The impact of urbanization on water vulnerability: a coupled human\u2013environment system approach for Chennai, India","volume":"23","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Global Environ Chang"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0037","volume-title":"Pakistan\u2019s Water Economy: Running Dry","author":"Briscoe","year":"2006"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-007-0226-5","article-title":"Declining groundwater level and aquifer dewatering in Dhaka metropolitan area, Bangladesh: causes and quantification","volume":"15","author":"Hoque","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hydrogeol J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5822\/978-1-61091-026-2","volume-title":"Water Security: The Water-Food-Energy-Climate Nexus","author":"World Economic Forum Water Initiative","year":"2011"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0040","volume-title":"Household Water Treatment and Safe: Storage Options in Developing Countries. Water Stories: Expanding Opportunities in Small Scale Water and Sanitation Projects","author":"Lantagne","year":"2006"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0041","first-page":"CD004794","article-title":"Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea","volume":"20","author":"Clasen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0382","article-title":"Estimating the scope of household water treatment in low- and medium-income countries","volume":"82","author":"Rosa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1307.060767","article-title":"Point-of-use water treatment and use among mothers in Malawi","volume":"13","author":"Stockman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.43374.x","article-title":"Outcome in three groups of patients with typhoid fever in Indonesia between 1948 and 1990","volume":"4","author":"van den Bergh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/nmi2.46","article-title":"Multi-drug resistance and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin among Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from the Middle East and Central Asia","volume":"2","author":"Rahman","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.3030","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance among blood culture isolates of Salmonella enterica in New Delhi","volume":"7","author":"Jain","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199904000-00018","article-title":"A highly ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella typhi in Bangladesh","volume":"18","author":"Saha","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1086\/420937","article-title":"Trends in antimicrobial drug development: implications for the future","volume":"38","author":"Spellberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70086-4","article-title":"Lack of development of new antimicrobial drugs: a potential serious threat to public health","volume":"5","author":"Norrby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0050","first-page":"CD001261","article-title":"Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever","volume":"1","author":"Anwar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2013.845529","article-title":"Development of Vi conjugate - a new generation of typhoid vaccine","volume":"12","author":"Szu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1630\/095624703101286556","article-title":"Decentralized wastewater management in peri-urban areas in low-income countries","volume":"15","author":"Parkinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Urban"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0118397","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118397","article-title":"Differences in field effectiveness and adoption between a novel automated chlorination system and household manual chlorination of drinking water in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Pickering","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2008.07.001","article-title":"Decentralized approaches to wastewater treatment and management: applicability in developing countries","volume":"90","author":"Massoud","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0055","volume-title":"Towards an EcologicalApproach to Sanitation","author":"Winblad","year":"1997"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/07900627.2010.548317","article-title":"Why is non-revenue water so high in so many cities","volume":"27","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Water Res D"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022050716000413","article-title":"Typhoid fever, water quality, and human capital formation","volume":"76","author":"Beach","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Econ Hist"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0058","volume-title":"Urban Water Blueprint: Mapping Conservation Solutions to the Global Water Challenge","author":"McDonald","year":"2014"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/08941920590894435","article-title":"Political pitfalls of integrated watershed management","volume":"18","author":"Blomquist","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc Nat Resour"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.10.43","article-title":"Population impact of Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine","volume":"9","author":"Khan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018122108381375800_CIT0061","volume-title":"Informal Consultation of Experts on Typhoid Fever, South East Asia Region","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/218\/suppl_4\/S250\/27230218\/jiy324.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T18:53:50Z","timestamp":1571424830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/218\/suppl_4\/S250\/5060296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl_4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiy324","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]}}}