{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:05:50Z","timestamp":1792785950969,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI114635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI114635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI127554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI127554"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 DK110225-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 DK110225-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12POST12050583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12POST12050583"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14POST20020011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14POST20020011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chemistry-Biology Interface Graduate Program","award":["C06 RR015502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C06 RR015502"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common imbalance of the vaginal microbiota characterized by overgrowth of diverse Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Gram-negative anaerobes. Women with BV are at increased risk of secondary reproductive tract infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, which specific bacteria cause clinical features of BV is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We previously demonstrated that Gardnerella vaginalis could elicit many BV features in mice. In this study, we established a BV model in which we coinfected mice with G. vaginalis and another species commonly found in women with BV: Prevotella bivia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This coinfection model recapitulates several aspects of human BV, including vaginal sialidase activity (a diagnostic BV feature independently associated with adverse outcomes), epithelial exfoliation, and ascending infection. It is notable that G. vaginalis facilitated uterine infection by P. bivia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Taken together, our model provides a framework for advancing our understanding of the role of individual or combinations of BV-associated bacteria in BV pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T15:11:19Z","timestamp":1547478679000},"page":"1099-1108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["<i>Gardnerella vaginalis<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Prevotella bivia<\/i>\n                    Trigger Distinct and Overlapping Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Vaginosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"220","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4830-3257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri"},{"name":"Center or Reproductive Health Sciences, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri"},{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Infectious Disease Research, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren G","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri"},{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Infectious Disease Research, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guocai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri"},{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Infectious Disease Research, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri"},{"name":"Yangzhou University College of Medicine , Yangzhou, Jiangsu,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy K","family":"Sojka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Bernard","family":"Lubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri"},{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Infectious Disease Research, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware , Newark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda L","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri"},{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Infectious Disease Research, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, 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