{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:29:32Z","timestamp":1767652172415,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rotary International"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to global shortage of inactivated poliovirus vaccine and withdrawal of oral vaccine containing poliovirus type 2 (PV2), a PV2-containing vaccine was not used in Vietnam May 2016 to October 2018. We assessed the population immunity gap to PV2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional survey in children aged 1\u201318 months was carried out in January 2018. One blood sample per child was analyzed for presence of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies. In children with detectable anti-PV2 antibodies, a second sample was analyzed 4 months later to distinguish between passive (maternally derived) and active (induced by secondary transmission or vaccination) immunity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sera were obtained from 1106\/1110 children. Seroprevalence of PV2 antibodies was 87\/368 (23.6%) at age 1\u20137 months, 27\/471 (5.7%) at 8\u201315 months, and 19\/267 (7.1%) at 16\u201318 months. Seroprevalence declined with age in the 1\u20137 months group; in the 8\u201318 months group there was no significant change with age. Four months later, 11\/87 (14%), 9\/27 (32%), and 12\/19 (37%) remained seropositive in 1\u20137, 8\u201315, and 16\u201318 months age groups, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found declining immunity to PV2, suggesting Vietnam is at risk for an outbreak of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus following virus importation or new emergence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T20:11:25Z","timestamp":1552507885000},"page":"386-391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Rapid Disappearance of Poliovirus Type 2 (PV2) Immunity in Young Children Following Withdrawal of Oral PV2-Containing Vaccine in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Dang Thi Thanh","family":"Huyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ondrej","family":"Mach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Thanh Trung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pham Quang","family":"Thai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ho Vinh","family":"Thang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William C","family":"Weldon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M Steven","family":"Oberste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Visalakshi","family":"Jeyaseelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland W","family":"Sutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dang Duc","family":"Anh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0001","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Wild poliovirus list. http:\/\/www.polioeradication.org\/Dataandmonitoring\/Poliothisweek\/Wildpolioviruslist.aspx. Accessed 27 August 2018."},{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S434","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu222","article-title":"The new polio eradication end game: rationale and supporting evidence","volume":"210","author":"Sutter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0003","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Polio eradication and endgame strategic plan 2013\u20132018. http:\/\/polioeradication.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/PEESP_EN_A4.pdf. Accessed 18 March 2019."},{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6535a3","article-title":"Cessation of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine and introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine - worldwide, 2016","volume":"65","author":"Hampton","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Meeting of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization, November 2013 - conclusions and recommendations","volume":"89","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0006","unstructured":"Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE). SAGE discussion and statement in relation with the IPV supply situation. http:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/sage\/meetings\/2016\/april\/SAGE_statement_IPV_situation.pdf. Accessed 23 June 2016."},{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0007","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Viet Nam. National expanded program on immunization comprehensive multi-year plan cMYP for extended program on immunization 2016\u20132020. http:\/\/www.nationalplanningcycles.org\/sites\/default\/files\/planning_cycle_repository\/viet_nam\/cmyp_vietnam_2016-2020.pdf. Accessed 28 September 2018."},{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0008","first-page":"222","article-title":"Apparent global interruption of wild poliovirus type 2 transmission","volume":"50","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2001","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66386-6","article-title":"Persistence of oral polio vaccine virus after its removal from the immunisation schedule in New Zealand","volume":"366","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.5.1029","article-title":"Persistence of vaccine-derived poliovirus following a mass vaccination campaign in Cuba: implications for stopping polio vaccination after global eradication","volume":"30","author":"M\u00e1s Lago","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg185","article-title":"Poliovirus detection in wastewater and stools following an immunization campaign in Havana, Cuba","volume":"32","author":"M\u00e1s Lago","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq320","article-title":"From emergence to eradication: the epidemiology of poliomyelitis deconstructed","volume":"172","author":"Nathanson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3292-4_8","article-title":"Standardized methods for detection of poliovirus antibodies","volume":"1387","author":"Weldon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"author":"Wikipedia","key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0014"},{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.85.1.46","article-title":"Studies on the development of natural immunity to poliomyelitis in Louisiana. V. Passive transfer of polioantibody from mother to fetus, and natural decline and disappearance of antibody in the infant","volume":"85","author":"Gelfand","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.5.926","article-title":"Factors affecting the immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine in developing countries: review","volume":"13","author":"Patriarca","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019070205525050600_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451493","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/451493","article-title":"Effects of deep tillage and straw returning on soil microorganism and enzyme activities","volume":"2014","author":"Ji","year":"2014","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/220\/3\/386\/28896108\/jiz124.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T13:21:53Z","timestamp":1694697713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/220\/3\/386\/5380634"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiz124","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-1899"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1537-6613"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]}}}