{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T03:11:06Z","timestamp":1783134666820,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance","award":["HHSN27220140006C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN27220140006C"]}]},{"name":"Theme Based Research Scheme","award":["T11-705\/14-N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T11-705\/14-N"]}]},{"name":"Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005407","name":"Food and Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81761128014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81761128014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science Research Project of the Guangdong Province","award":["2016A050503047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016A050503047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)-H7N9 virus arising from low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI)-H7N9 virus with polybasic amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin was detected in 2017.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We compared the tropism, replication competence, and cytokine induction of HPAI-H7N9, LPAI-H7N9, and HPAI-H5N1 in ex vivo human respiratory tract explants, in vitro culture of human alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Replication competence of HPAI- and LPAI-H7N9 were comparable in ex vivo cultures of bronchus and lung. HPAI-H7N9 predominantly infected AECs, whereas limited infection was observed in bronchus. The reduced tropism of HPAI-H7N9 in bronchial epithelium may explain the lack of human-to-human transmission despite a number of mammalian adaptation markers. Apical and basolateral release of virus was observed only in HPAI-H7N9- and H5N1-infected AECs regardless of infection route. HPAI-H7N9, but not LPAI-H7N9 efficiently replicated in HMVEC-L.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings demonstrate that a HPAI-H7N9 virus efficiently replicating in ex vivo cultures of human bronchus and lung. The HPAI-H7N9 was more efficient at replicating in human AECs and HMVEC-L than LPAI-H7N9 implying that endothelial tropism may involve in pathogenesis of HPAI-H7N9 disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T11:07:29Z","timestamp":1555326449000},"page":"578-588","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Risk Assessment of the Tropism and Pathogenesis of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A\/H7N9 Virus Using Ex Vivo and In Vitro Cultures of Human Respiratory Tract"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Louisa L Y","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenrie P Y","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise I T","family":"Kuok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine H T","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ka-chun","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris K P","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-feng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China"},{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenda","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo L M","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanshan","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J S Malik","family":"Peiris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M","family":"Nicholls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8174-8405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael C W","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), 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