{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T03:45:54Z","timestamp":1782877554664,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/doc\/open-government-licence\/version\/2\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MenAfriNet Consortium"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1084298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1084298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2016, Mali reported a bacterial meningitis outbreak consisting of 39 suspected cases between epidemiologic weeks 9 and 17 with 15% case fatality ratio in the health district of Ou\u00e9l\u00e9ssebougou, 80 kilometers from the capital Bamako. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens from 29 cases were tested by culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction; 22 (76%) were positive for bacterial meningitis pathogens, 16 (73%) of which were Neisseria meningitidis (Nm). Of the Nm-positive specimens, 14 (88%) were N meningitidis serogroup C (NmC), 1 was NmW, and 1 was nongroupable. Eight NmC isolates recovered by culture from the outbreak were characterized using whole genome sequencing. Genomics analysis revealed that all 8 isolates belonged to a new sequence type (ST) 12446 of clonal complex 10217 that formed a distinct clade genetically similar to ST-10217, a NmC strain that recently caused large epidemics of meningitis in Niger and Nigeria. The emergence of a new ST of NmC associated with an outbreak in the African meningitis belt further highlights the need for continued molecular surveillance in the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]],"date-time":"2019-06-24T22:30:43Z","timestamp":1561415443000},"page":"S190-S197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A New Sequence Type of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C Associated With a 2016 Meningitis Outbreak in Mali"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Yibayiri Osee","family":"Sanogo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibr\u00e9hima","family":"Guindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherche en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seydou","family":"Diarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherche en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam C","family":"Retchless","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahamadou","family":"Abdou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherche en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souleymane","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherche en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahamadou Farka","family":"Maiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction Nationale de la Sant\u00e9, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mama","family":"Coumar\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction Nationale de la Sant\u00e9, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bakary","family":"Diarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"How-Yi","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeni T","family":"Vuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samba","family":"Sow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9, Mali"},{"name":"Centre National d\u2019Appui et de Lutte contre les Maladies\/Centre des Vaccins en D\u00e9velopement, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan T","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0001","first-page":"3","article-title":"Cerebrospinal meningitis in Africa","volume":"28","author":"Lapeyssonnie","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bull World Health Org"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90812-8","article-title":"Meningococcal disease and season in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"2","author":"Greenwood","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1128\/BR.17.3.175-188.1953","article-title":"Serological relationships among meningococci","volume":"17","author":"Branham","year":"1953","journal-title":"Bacteriol Rev"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30301-8","article-title":"Impact of MenAfriVac in nine countries of the African meningitis belt, 2010-15: an analysis of surveillance data","volume":"17","author":"Trotter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0005","first-page":"123","article-title":"WHO. Meningococcal disease control","volume":"90","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2003.131407","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W, Burkina Faso, 2012","volume":"20","author":"MacNeil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3247-x","article-title":"Molecular characterization of invasive meningococcal isolates in Burkina Faso as the relative importance of serogroups X and W increases, 2008\u20132012","volume":"18","author":"Retchless","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.04.036","article-title":"Emergence of serogroup X meningococcal disease in Africa: need for a vaccine","volume":"31","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2204.150653","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"22","author":"Agnememel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0010","first-page":"612","article-title":"WHO. Continuing risk of meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup","volume":"92","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6642a5","article-title":"Rapid laboratory identification of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C as the cause of an outbreak - Liberia, 2017","volume":"66","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92281-3","article-title":"Group-C meningococcal meningitis in the northern savanna of Africa","author":"Whittle","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0013","first-page":"325","article-title":"Epidemic group C meningococcal meningitis in Upper Volta, 1979","volume":"61","author":"Broome","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bull World Health Org"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(05)80403-2","article-title":"[Etude antig\u00e9nique de 337 souches de Neisseria meningitidis isol\u00e9es au Mali]","volume":"25","author":"Koumare","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.outbreaks.06d10b6b4e690917d8b0a04268906143","article-title":"Invasive meningococcal meningitis serogroup C outbreak in Northwest Nigeria, 2015 - third consecutive outbreak of a new strain","volume":"8","author":"Chow","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Curr"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.outbreaks.b50c2aaf1032b3ccade0fca0b63ee518","article-title":"Sequential outbreaks due to a new strain of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in northern Nigeria, 2013\u201314","volume":"6","author":"Funk","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Curr"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30253-5","article-title":"Emergence of epidemic Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in Niger, 2015: an analysis of national surveillance data","volume":"16","author":"Sidikou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6649a3","article-title":"Large outbreak of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C - Nigeria, December 2016-June 2017","volume":"66","author":"Nnadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2210.160468","article-title":"Whole-genome characterization of epidemic Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C and resurgence of serogroup W, Niger, 2015","volume":"22","author":"Kretz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5510","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1802298115","article-title":"Acquisition of virulence genes by a carrier strain gave rise to the ongoing epidemics of meningococcal disease in West Africa","volume":"115","author":"Brynildsrud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0021","first-page":"1","article-title":"Outcome of epidemiological surveillance of bacterial meningitis in Mali from 1996 to 2016: What lesson to learn?","volume":"2","author":"Coulibaly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Pathol Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0022","first-page":"818","article-title":"Epidemic meningococcal meningitis: the case of Mali","volume":"59","author":"Imperato","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bull N Y Acad Med"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90106-2","article-title":"Manson lecture: Meningococcal meningitis in Africa","volume":"93","author":"Greenwood","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trans R Soc of Trop Med and Hyg"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0024"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0025","first-page":"580","article-title":"WHO. Revised guidance on meningitis outbreak response in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"89","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4560-x","article-title":"Expansion of a urethritis-associated Neisseria meningitidis clade in the United States with concurrent acquisition of N. gonorrhoeae alleles","volume":"19","author":"Retchless","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-595","article-title":"BIGSdb: scalable analysis of bacterial genome variation at the population level","volume":"11","author":"Jolley","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00057.x","article-title":"Molecular typing of meningococci: recommendations for target choice and nomenclature","volume":"31","author":"Jolley","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00825-13","article-title":"Neisseria adhesin A variation and revised nomenclature scheme","volume":"21","author":"Bambini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02344-15","article-title":"Prospective whole-genome sequencing enhances national surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"54","author":"Kwong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1196","article-title":"Rapid phylogenetic analysis of large samples of recombinant bacterial whole genome sequences using Gubbins","volume":"43","author":"Croucher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2009.0179","article-title":"How many bootstrap replicates are necessary?","volume":"17","author":"Pattengale","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Comput Biol"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W242","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw290","article-title":"Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v3: an online tool for the display and annotation of phylogenetic and other trees","volume":"44","author":"Letunic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0034"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp163","article-title":"Biopython: freely available Python tools for computational molecular biology and bioinformatics","volume":"25","author":"Cock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006495","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006495","article-title":"A virulence-associated filamentous bacteriophage of Neisseria meningitidis increases host-cell colonisation","volume":"13","author":"Bille","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0037","first-page":"1","article-title":"Weekly feedback bulletin on cerebrospinal meningitis. Epidemiological situation","volume":"49\u201352","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008","journal-title":"MDSC Meningitis Weekly Bulletin"},{"key":"2019110101094013000_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S12711","article-title":"Meningococcal disease serogroup C","volume":"5","author":"Dickinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Policy"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/220\/Supplement_4\/S190\/30339634\/jiz272.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/220\/Supplement_4\/S190\/30339634\/jiz272.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T17:36:01Z","timestamp":1610040961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/220\/Supplement_4\/S190\/5610768"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiz272","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]}}}