{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T09:45:29Z","timestamp":1776851129464,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/doc\/open-government-licence\/version\/2\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MenAfriNet Consortium"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1084298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1084298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001125","name":"Gavi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 2013, Burkina Faso introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) into the routine childhood immunization program, to be administered to children at 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age. We evaluated the impact of PCV13 on pneumococcal meningitis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using nationwide surveillance, we gathered demographic\/clinical information and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results for meningitis cases. Pneumococcal cases were confirmed by culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or latex agglutination; strains were serotyped using PCR. We compared annual incidence (cases per 100 000) 4 years after PCV13\u2019s introduction (2017) to average pre-PCV13 incidence (2011\u20132013). We adjusted incidence for age and proportion of cases with CSF tested at national laboratories.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 2017, pneumococcal meningitis incidence was 2.7 overall and 10.5 (&lt;1 year), 3.8 (1\u20134 years), 3.5 (5\u201314 years), and 1.4 (\u226515 years) by age group. Compared to 2011\u20132013, PCV13-serotype incidence was significantly lower among all age groups, with the greatest decline among children aged &lt;1 year (77%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 65%\u201384%). Among all ages, the drop in incidence was larger for PCV13 serotypes excluding serotype 1 (79%; 95% CI, 72%\u201384%) than for serotype 1 (52%; 95% CI, 44%\u201359%); incidence of non-PCV13 serotypes also declined (53%; 95% CI, 37%\u201365%). In 2017, 45% of serotyped cases among all ages were serotype 1 and 12% were other PCV13 serotypes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In Burkina Faso, meningitis caused by PCV13 serotypes continues to decrease, especially among young children. However, the concurrent decline in non-PCV13 serotypes and short pre-PCV13 observation period complicate evaluation of PCV13\u2019s impact. Efforts to improve control of serotype 1, such as switching from a 3 + 0 schedule to a 2 + 1 schedule, may improve overall control of pneumococcal meningitis in this setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T07:12:15Z","timestamp":1563520335000},"page":"S253-S262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Impact of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Pneumococcal Meningitis, Burkina Faso, 2016\u20132017"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Heidi M","family":"Soeters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinanib\u00e8","family":"Kambir\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire P\u00e9diatrique Charles De Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guetawend\u00e9","family":"Sawadogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davycas International, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasmata","family":"Ou\u00e9draogo-Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire P\u00e9diatrique Charles De Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brice","family":"Bicaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isa\u00efe","family":"Medah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lassana","family":"Sangar\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Yalgado Ou\u00e9draogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdoul-Salam","family":"Ou\u00e9draogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourou Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soumeya","family":"Ouangraoua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Issaka","family":"Yam\u00e9ogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malika","family":"Congo-Ou\u00e9draogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Yalgado Ou\u00e9draogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Absatou","family":"Ky Ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavien","family":"Ak\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davycas International, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Velusamy","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan T","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"McGee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia G","family":"Whitney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Van Beneden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61204-6","article-title":"Burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children younger than 5 years: global estimates","volume":"374","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30387-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden Of Disease Study 2016","volume":"17","author":"Global Burden of Disease Meningitis Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0003","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. 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disease in children and adults in the USA: analysis of multisite, population-based surveillance","volume":"15","author":"Moore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ368","article-title":"Impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal meningitis in US children","volume":"61","author":"Olarte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.12.010","article-title":"Early Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype changes in Utah adults after the introduction of PCV13 in children","volume":"34","author":"Kendall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.12.066","article-title":"Invasive pneumococcal disease: clinical 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Improving case-based meningitis surveillance in 5 countries in the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa, 2015\u20132017","author":"Mbaeyi","journal-title":"J Infect Dis 2019; 220(Suppl 4):S155\u201364"},{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0032","volume-title":"Technical Guidelines for Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response in the African Region","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0033","volume-title":"Standard","author":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa","year":"2009"},{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0034","article-title":"Fernandez K, et al. The strengthening of laboratory systems in","author":"Feagins","journal-title":"J Infect Dis 2019; 220(Suppl 4):S175\u201381"},{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02927-12","article-title":"Sequential triplex real-time PCR assay for detecting 21 pneumococcal capsular serotypes that account for a high global disease burden","volume":"51","author":"Pimenta","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1914-3","article-title":"An outbreak of pneumococcal meningitis among older children (\u22655 years) and adults after the implementation of an infant vaccination programme with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Ghana","volume":"16","author":"Kwambana-Adams","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit641","article-title":"Antipneumococcal seroprevalence and pneumococcal carriage during a meningococcal epidemic in Burkina Faso, 2006","volume":"209","author":"Yaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.02.089","article-title":"Timing of serotype 1 pneumococcal disease suggests the need for evaluation of a booster dose","volume":"29","author":"Klugman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12860","article-title":"Can infant vaccination prevent pneumococcal meningitis outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa?","volume":"22","author":"Stuart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181c67f04","article-title":"Immunogenicity of a reduced schedule of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in healthy infants and correlates of protection for serotype 6B in the United Kingdom","volume":"29","author":"Goldblatt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2019110101094606400_CIT0041","unstructured":"Von Gottberg\n              A\n            , KleynhansJ, de GouveiaL, et al\n          Trends in invasive pneumococcal disease among adults aged \u226525 years, South Africa, 2005\u20132016. 11th International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases. 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Future directions for meningitis surveillance and vaccine evaluation in the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa","author":"Novak","journal-title":"J Infect Dis 2019; 220(Suppl 4):S279\u201385"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/220\/Supplement_4\/S253\/30339639\/jiz301.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/220\/Supplement_4\/S253\/30339639\/jiz301.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T01:10:37Z","timestamp":1572570637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/220\/Supplement_4\/S253\/5610775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiz301","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]}}}