{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:10:47Z","timestamp":1792271447050,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","funder":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1083910"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1083910"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Serological assessments for human onchocerciasis are based on IgG4 reactivity against the OV-16 antigen, with sensitivities of 60-80%. We have previously identified 7 novel proteins that could improve serodiagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IgG4 responses to these 7 proteins were assessed by luciferase immunoprecipitation (LIPS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) immunoassays.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>OVOC10469 and OVOC3261 were identified as the most promising candidates by IgG4-based immunoassays with sensitivities of 53% for rOVOC10469 and 78% for rOVOC3261 while specificity for each was &amp;gt;99%. These 2 antigens in combination with OV-16 increased the sensitivity for patent infections to 94%. The kinetics of appearance of these IgG4 responses based on experimentally infected non-human primates indicated that they were microfilarial- driven. Further, the IgG4 responses to both OVOC10469 and OVOC3261 (as well as to OV-16) drop significantly (p&amp;lt;0.05) following successful treatment for onchocerciasis. A prototype lateral flow rapid diagnostic test to detect IgG4 to both Ov-16 and OVOC3261 was developed and tested demonstrating an overall 94% sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The combined use of rOVOC3261 with OV-16 improved serologic assessment of O. volvulus infection, a current unmet need toward the goal of elimination of transmission of O. volvulus.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T19:12:31Z","timestamp":1560453151000},"page":"1805-1815","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Integrating Multiple Biomarkers to Increase Sensitivity for the Detection of Onchocerca volvulus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Sasisekhar","family":"Bennuru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgiette","family":"Oduro-Boateng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinweoke","family":"Osigwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Del Valle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Golden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Global Program, PATH, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Maerschner","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaliano","family":"Cama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Lustigman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsley F. 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