{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T22:01:26Z","timestamp":1789941686591,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/doc\/open-government-licence\/version\/2\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MenAfriNet consortium"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1084298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1084298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Meningococcal meningitis remains a significant public health threat, especially in the African meningitis belt where Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A historically caused large-scale epidemics. With the rollout of a novel meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MACV) in the belt, the World Health Organization recommended case-based meningitis surveillance to monitor MACV impact and meningitis epidemiology. In 2014, the MenAfriNet consortium was established to support strategic implementation of case-based meningitis surveillance in 5 key countries: Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger, and Togo. MenAfriNet aimed to develop a high-quality surveillance network using standardized laboratory and data collection protocols, develop sustainable systems for data management and analysis to monitor MACV impact, and leverage the surveillance platform to perform special studies. We describe the MenAfriNet consortium, its history, strategy, implementation, accomplishments, and challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T15:12:55Z","timestamp":1565363575000},"page":"S148-S154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["MenAfriNet: A Network Supporting Case-Based Meningitis Surveillance and Vaccine Evaluation in the Meningitis Belt of Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Jaymin C","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi M","family":"Soeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alpha Oumar","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brice W","family":"Bicaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goumbi","family":"Kadad\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9, Niamey, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ass\u00e9tou Y","family":"Demb\u00e9l\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction Nationale de la Sant\u00e9, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahamat A","family":"Acyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique du Tchad, N\u2019Djamena, Tchad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"Nikiema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9, Lom\u00e9, Togo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement","family":"Lingani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, AFRO Intercountry Support Team for West Africa, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Hatcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer D","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Diomande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Mihigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana A","family":"Hajjeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine H","family":"Zilber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavien","family":"Ak\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davycas International, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A","family":"Mbaeyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C","family":"Moisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agence de M\u00e9decine Pr\u00e9ventive, Paris, France, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Ronveaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M","family":"Mwenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan T","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"MenAfriNet Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90106-2","article-title":"Manson Lecture. Meningococcal meningitis in Africa","volume":"93","author":"Greenwood","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70168-8","article-title":"Serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccination in Burkina Faso: analysis of national surveillance data","volume":"12","author":"Novak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0003","volume-title":"Yaounde","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.19619","article-title":"Development of a group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine, MenAfriVac\u2122","volume":"8","author":"Frasch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30301-8","article-title":"Impact of MenAfriVac in nine countries of the African meningitis belt, 2010-15: an analysis of surveillance data","volume":"17","author":"Trotter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis892","article-title":"Impact of the serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine, MenAfriVac, on carriage and herd immunity","volume":"56","author":"Kristiansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70182-2","article-title":"A vaccine to prevent epidemic meningitis in Africa","volume":"12","author":"Greenwood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0008","volume-title":"Standard operating procedures for surveillance of meningitis, preparedness and response to epidemics in Africa, 2018","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0009","volume-title":"Technical","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0010","volume-title":"Standard operating procedures for enhanced meningitis surveillance in Africa","author":"WHO-AFRO","year":"2009"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0011","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Evaluation of meningitis surveillance before introduction of serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine\u2014Burkina Faso and Mali","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2012","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2017.0120","article-title":"Lessons from the meningitis vaccine project","volume":"31","author":"LaForce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0013","volume-title":"Lingani C, Diallo AO, et al. Improving case-based meningitis surveillance in 5 countries in the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa, 2015-2017. J Infect Dis 2019; 220(Suppl 4);S155\u201364","author":"Mbaeyi"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0014","first-page":"S175","article-title":"The strengthening of laboratory systems in the meningitis belt to improve meningitis surveillance, 2008-2018: a partners\u2019 perspective","volume-title":"J Infect Dis 2019","author":"Feagins"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6642a5","article-title":"Rapid laboratory identification of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C as the cause of an outbreak - Liberia, 2017","volume":"66","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0016","unstructured":"MenAfriNet ToolKit. Available at: http:\/\/www.menafrinet.org\/en-us\/Resources\/ToolKit. Accessed November 2019."},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz358","article-title":"Bacterial meningitis epidemiology in five countries in the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa, 2015-2017","volume-title":"J Infect Dis","author":"Soeters","year":"2019"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0187466","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187466","article-title":"Bacterial meningitis epidemiology and return of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A cases in Burkina Faso in the five years following MenAfriVac mass vaccination campaign","volume":"12","author":"Diallo","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30253-5","article-title":"Emergence of epidemic Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in Niger, 2015: an analysis of national surveillance data","volume":"16","author":"Sidikou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0020","first-page":"S190","article-title":"A new sequence type of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C associated with a 2016 meningitis outbreak in Mali","volume-title":"J Infect Dis","author":"Sanogo","year":"2019"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz330","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W meningitis epidemic in Togo, 2016","volume-title":"J Infect Dis","author":"Mounkoro","year":"2019"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0166384","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166384","article-title":"Nationwide trends in bacterial meningitis before the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-Burkina Faso, 2011\u20132013","volume":"11","author":"Kambire","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2017.12.002","article-title":"Early impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal meningitis-Burkina Faso, 2014\u20132015","volume":"76","author":"Kambir\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz304","article-title":"Evaluation of the impact of meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine introduction on second year-of-life vaccination coverage in Burkina Faso","volume-title":"J Infect Dis","author":"Zoma","year":"2019"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz376","article-title":"Development and implementation of a cloud-based meningitis surveillance and specimen tracking system in Burkina Faso, 2018","volume-title":"J Infect Dis 2019","author":"Diallo"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.su6503a2","article-title":"Overview, control strategies, and lessons learned in the CDC response to the 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic","volume":"65","author":"Bell","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Suppl"},{"key":"2019110101095188000_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz421","article-title":"Future directions for meningitis surveillance and vaccine evaluation in the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa","volume-title":"J Infect Dis","author":"Novak","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/220\/Supplement_4\/S148\/30339663\/jiz308.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/220\/Supplement_4\/S148\/30339663\/jiz308.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T01:10:47Z","timestamp":1572570647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/220\/Supplement_4\/S148\/5610784"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiz308","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]}}}