{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:09:23Z","timestamp":1792591763474,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic agent. Its natural habitat is the tonsils, which are the main portals of S. suis entry into the bloodstream of pigs. The remarkable variability of the bacteria and complex pathogenic mechanisms make the development of a vaccine a difficult task.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five conserved virulence factors involved in critical events of S. suis pathogenesis were combined and used as an intranasal vaccine (V5). The effect of V5 was investigated with intranasal and systemic challenge models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>V5 induced antibody and T-cell responses at the mucosal site and systemically. The immunity promoted clearance of S. suis from the nasopharynx independent of S. suis serotypes and reduced lethality after systemic challenge with S. suis serotype 2. Moreover, mice that survived sepsis from intravenous infection developed meningitis, whereas none of these mice showed neuropathological symptoms after V5 receipt.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intranasal immunization with multiple conserved virulence factors decreases S. suis colonization at the nasopharynx across serotypes and inhibits the dissemination of the bacteria in the host. The protective mucosal immunity effects would potentially reduce the S. suis reservoir and prevent S. suis disease in pigs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]],"date-time":"2019-07-08T19:08:49Z","timestamp":1562612929000},"page":"1679-1687","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Intranasal Vaccination With Multiple Virulence Factors Promotes Mucosal Clearance of Streptococcus suis Across Serotypes and Protects Against Meningitis in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meilin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1580-1762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beinan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020071622394046800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2017.02.005","article-title":"Critical Streptococcus suis virulence factors: are they all really critical?","volume":"25","author":"Segura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"2020071622394046800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252307001247","article-title":"Streptococcus suis infections in humans: the Chinese experience and the situation in North America","volume":"8","author":"Gottschalk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim Health Res Rev"},{"key":"2020071622394046800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2015.1101349","article-title":"Streptococcus suis vaccines: candidate antigens and progress","volume":"14","author":"Segura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"2020071622394046800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/85651","article-title":"Streptococcus suis: a re-emerging pathogen associated with occupational exposure to pigs or pork products. 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