{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T09:05:07Z","timestamp":1740128707119,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,12]],"date-time":"2019-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-DE023047","F30-ES022535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-DE023047","F30-ES022535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007812","name":"University of Washington","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32-A1750915","P51 OD010425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-A1750915","P51 OD010425"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007812","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Washington National Primate Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>BCG vaccination has been demonstrated to increase levels of activated CD4+ T cells, thus potentially influencing mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To assess the risk of BCG vaccination in HIV infection, we randomly assigned newborn rhesus macaques to receive BCG vaccine or remain unvaccinated and then undergo oral simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenges 3 weeks later. We observed elevated levels of activated peripheral CD4+ T cells (ie, HLA-DR+CD38+CCR5+ CD4+ T cells) by week 3 after vaccination. BCG was also associated with an altered immune gene expression profile, as well as with monocyte activation in both peripheral blood and the draining axillary lymph node, indicating significant BCG vaccine\u2013induced immune activation. Despite these effects, BCG vaccination did not increase the rate of SIV oral transmission or disease progression. Our findings therefore identify patterns of T-cell and monocyte activation that occur after BCG vaccination but do not support the hypothesis that BCG vaccination is a risk factor for postnatal HIV transmission or increased pathogenesis in infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T11:11:47Z","timestamp":1563966707000},"page":"44-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Transient Immune Activation in BCG-Vaccinated Infant Rhesus Macaques Is Not Sufficient to Influence Oral Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Matthew P","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lianna F","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Templeton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bridget","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Lippy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chloe I","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia S","family":"Lindestam Arlehamn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California\u2013San Diego, La Jolla, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James T","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington; and University of Washington"},{"name":"Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patience","family":"Murapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington; and University of Washington"},{"name":"Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather B","family":"Jaspan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah H","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington; and University of Washington"},{"name":"Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald L","family":"Sodora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020083105521057000_CIT0001","first-page":"1","volume-title":"UNAIDS data 2017. 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