{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:31:50Z","timestamp":1762522310289,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) results in rapid changes in metabolic parameters early in direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Long-term changes after sustained virologic response (SVR) remain unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated longitudinal changes in metabolic and inflammatory outcomes in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) using a general linear model for repeated measurements at 5 clinical time points and by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection and IFNL4 genotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean LDL increased markedly during DAA therapy (pre-DAA, 86.6 to DAA, 107.4 mg\/dL; P &amp;lt; .0001), but then it decreased to 97.7 mg\/dL by post-SVR year 1 (P &amp;lt; .001 compared with DAA; P = .0013 compared with SVR). In patients who carry the IFNL4-\u0394G allele, mean LDL increased during treatment, then decreased at post-SVR year 1; however, in patients with TT\/TT, genotype did not change during and after DAA treatment. The mean ALT and AST normalized rapidly between pre-DAA and DAA, whereas only mean ALT continued to decrease until post-SVR. Metabolic and inflammatory outcomes were similar by HIV-coinfection status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in LDL among CHC patients who achieved SVR differed by IFNL4 genotype, which implicates the interferon-\u03bb4 protein in metabolic changes observed in HCV-infected patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T11:34:11Z","timestamp":1566473651000},"page":"102-109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Metabolic Changes in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Who Carry IFNL4-\u0394G and Achieve Sustained Virologic Response With Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Emmanuel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samer S","family":"El-Kamary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence S","family":"Magder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen A","family":"Stafford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man E","family":"Charurat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Chairez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Hadigan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludmila","family":"Prokunina-Olsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas 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