{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:10:52Z","timestamp":1792757452239,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569283200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV infection causes impairment of the gastrointestinal barrier, with substantial depletion of CD4+ T-cells in the gut. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) restores CD4+ counts and may have beneficial effects on gut microbiota in adults. Little is known about effect of long-term ART on gut microbiome in HIV infected children. We investigated composition of gut microbiota in HIV infected and uninfected children and assessed associations between gut microbiota and patient characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a cross-sectional study, rectal swabs were collected from 177 HIV infected and 103 HIV uninfected controls. Gut microbial composition was explored using 16S rRNA sequencing (Illumina Miseq).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV infected children had significantly lower alpha-diversity and higher beta-diversity compared to HIV uninfected. No association was observed between microbiome diversity and CD4+ T-cell count, HIV viral load or HIV-associated chronic lung disease. We found enriched levels of Corynebacterium (p&lt;0.01), Finegoldia (p&lt;0.01) and Anaerococcus (p&lt;0.01) in HIV infected, and enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae (p=0.02) in participants with low CD4+ counts (&lt;400 cells\/mm3). Prolonged ART-treatment (\u226510 years) was significantly associated with a richer gut microbiota by alpha diversity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV infected children have altered gut microbiota. Prolonged ART may restore the richness of the microbiota closer to that of HIV-uninfected children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T11:37:00Z","timestamp":1568288220000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Composition of gut microbiota of children and adolescents with perinatal HIV infection taking antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Trym T","family":"Flygel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT \u2013 The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeniya","family":"Sovershaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT \u2013 The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shantelle","family":"Classen-Weitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Hjerde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Norstruct, UiT \u2013 The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kilaza S","family":"Mwaikono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon \u00d8","family":"Odland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashida A","family":"Ferrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedial Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Mchugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedial Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tore J","family":"Gutteberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infection control, University Hospital of North Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark P","family":"Nicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorunn P","family":"Cavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT \u2013 The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trond","family":"Fl\u00e6gstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT \u2013 The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Breathe Study Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiz473\/30045535\/jiz473.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T03:31:37Z","timestamp":1569295897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiz473\/5572969"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiz473","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"article-number":"jiz473"}}