{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:33:50Z","timestamp":1792514030580,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001869","name":"Academia Sinica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AS-SUMMIT-108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-SUMMIT-108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001869","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["108-3114-Y-001-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108-3114-Y-001-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients on oral antiviral (OAV) therapy remain at hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. Risk prediction tools distinguishing treated patients with residual HCC risk are limited. The aim of this study was to develop an accurate, precise, simple-to-use HCC risk score using routine clinical variables among a treated Asian cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult Asian chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients on OAV were recruited from 25 centers in the United States and the Asia-Pacific region. Excluded persons were coinfected with hepatitis C, D, or human immunodeficiency virus, had HCC before or within 1 year of study entry, or their follow-up was &amp;lt;1 year. Patients were randomized to derivation and validation cohorts on a 2:1 ratio. Statistically significant predictors from multivariate modeling formed the Real-world Effectiveness from the Asia Pacific Rim Liver Consortium for HBV (REAL-B) score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 8048 patients were randomized to the derivation (n = 5365) or validation group (n = 2683). The REAL-B model included 7 variables (male gender, age, alcohol use, diabetes, baseline cirrhosis, platelet count, and alpha fetoprotein), and scores were categorized as follows: 0\u20133 low risk, 4\u20137 moderate risk, and 8\u201313 high risk. Area under receiver operating characteristics were &amp;gt;0.80 for HCC risk at 3, 5, and 10 years, and these were significantly higher than other risk models (p &amp;lt; .001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The REAL-B score provides 3 distinct risk categories for HCC development in Asian CHB patients on OAV guiding HCC surveillance strategy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T19:28:41Z","timestamp":1568402921000},"page":"389-399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Real-World Effectiveness From the Asia Pacific Rim Liver Consortium for HBV Risk Score for the Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated With Oral Antiviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Hwai-I","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3728-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Lun","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace L","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-6086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Yuan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huy N","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Jose Gastroenterology, San Jose, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ka-Shing","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Peopole\u2019s Republic of 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Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cirrhosis, Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, Peopole\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Bin","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Peopole\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peopole\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Mountain View Division, Mountain View, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian Q","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Ide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huichun","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, Peopole\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Iwane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, 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Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J","family":"Gane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Transplant Unit, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Eguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Kurosaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peopole\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cirrhosis, Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, Peopole\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Peopole\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norihiro","family":"Furusyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of 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