{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:42:44Z","timestamp":1787244164853,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6\/9-7(79)\/2014\/ECD II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6\/9-7(79)\/2014\/ECD II"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"ICMR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No satisfactory canonical treatment is available for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), clinical sequela of visceral leishmaniasis. Confined treatment options and substantial increase in relapse rate after miltefosine (MIL) treatment warrant the need to adapt resilient combination therapies. In this study, we assessed the safety and efficacy of combination therapy using liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) and MIL for treating PKDL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-two PKDL patients, confirmed by microscopy or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), were included in the study. An equal number of cases (n = 16) were put on MIL monotherapy (100 mg\/day for 90 days) or MIL and LAmB combination for 45 days (3 injections of LAmB, 5 mg\/kg body weight, and 100 mg\/day MIL). Parasite load in slit aspirate was monitored using qPCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients treated with combination therapy demonstrated a rapid decline in parasite load and achieved 100% cure, with no reports of relapse. Those treated with MIL monotherapy attained clinical cure with a gradual decrease in parasite load; however, 25% relapsed within 18 months of follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liposomal amphotericin B and MIL combination for treating PKDL is efficacious and safe, with high tolerability. Furthermore, this study established the utility of minimally invasive slit aspirate method for monitoring of parasite load and assessment of cure in PKDL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T15:12:49Z","timestamp":1573225969000},"page":"608-617","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Amphotericin B and Miltefosine in Combination for Treatment of Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"V","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Safdarjung Hospital and Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keerti Kaumudee","family":"Dixit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Safdarjung Hospital and Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonam","family":"Salotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020020313025954700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1086\/648727","article-title":"Increasing incidence of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in a population-based study in Bangladesh","volume":"50","author":"Rahman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020020313025954700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2424-8","article-title":"Clinico-epidemiological analysis of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) cases in India over last two decades: a hospital based retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"Ramesh","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2020020313025954700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00517-6","article-title":"Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"3","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020020313025954700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0467","article-title":"Clinical epidemiologic profile of a cohort of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis patients in Bihar, India","volume":"86","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2020020313025954700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-196","article-title":"Report of the post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) consortium meeting, New Delhi, India, 27\u201329 June 2012","volume":"6","author":"Desjeux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2020020313025954700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0128","article-title":"Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Mymensingh, Bangladesh","volume":"85","author":"Islam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2020020313025954700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005196","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005196","article-title":"Longitudinal study of transmission in households with visceral leishmaniasis, asymptomatic infections and PKDL in highly endemic villages in Bihar, India","volume":"10","author":"Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2020020313025954700_CIT0008","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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