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However, the mechanisms by which Tim-3 promotes immune evasion remain unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we demonstrated that Tim-3 inhibits the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) in macrophages at both the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels by inhibiting the STAT1-NLRC5 signaling pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>As a result, MHC-I-restricted antigen presentation by macrophages was inhibited by Tim-3 both in vitro and in a Listeria monocytogenes infection model in vivo. Systemic overexpression of Tim-3 or specific knockout of Tim-3 in macrophages significantly attenuated or enhanced CD8+ T-cell activation and infection damage in L monocytogenes-infected mice, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thus, we identified a new mechanism by which Tim-3 promotes L monocytogenes immune evasion. Further studies on this pathway might shed new light on the physio-pathological roles of Tim-3 and suggest new approaches for intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T19:36:18Z","timestamp":1570044978000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Tim-3 Promotes Listeria monocytogenes Immune Evasion by Suppressing Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8170-1359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiding","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Hematology-Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 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