{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:03:35Z","timestamp":1753877015408,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,5]],"date-time":"2019-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570233600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0887X1-4603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0887X1-4603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc) serotypes differ in invasive potential. We examined whether community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (CAAP) in children carrying commonly recognized pneumonia invasive pneumococcal serotypes ([PnIST] 1, 5, 7F, 14, and 19A) differs from CAAP in children carrying less invasive serotypes (non-PnIST) or no Pnc (Pnc-neg).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children &lt;5 years, visiting the only regional Pediatric Emergency Room, with radiologically proven CAAP were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal cultures were processed for pneumococcal isolation and serotyping. Clinical and demographic characteristics were recorded. The study was conducted before pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation in Israel.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 1423 CAAP episodes were recorded: PnIST, 300 (21.1%); non-PnIST, 591 (41.5%); and Pnc-neg, 532 (37.4%). After adjustment for age, ethnicity, seasonality, and previous antibiotics, the following variables were positively associated with PnIST carriage compared with both groups: temperature \u226539\u00b0C, peripheral white blood cell count \u226520 000\/mm3, C-reactive protein \u226570.0 mg\/L, and serum sodium &lt;135 mEq\/L. Lower oxygen saturation, viral detection, and comorbidities were negatively associated with Pn-IST carriage (odds ratios, &lt;1.0). Differences between non-PnIST carriers and Pnc-neg groups were smaller or nonsignificant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Young children with CAAP carrying common PnIST had a lower proportion of comorbidities, hypoxemia, and viral detection and had more intense systemic inflammatory response than those carrying non-PnIST or not carrying Pnc.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T07:13:15Z","timestamp":1570000395000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Invasive Pneumococcal Serotypes During Childhood Community-Acquired Alveolar Pneumonia Is Associated With Specific Clinical Presentation"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Yaniv","family":"Faingelernt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel"},{"name":"The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Dagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noga","family":"Givon-Lavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel"},{"name":"The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shalom","family":"Ben-Shimol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel"},{"name":"The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Bar-Ziv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel"},{"name":"The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61204-6","article-title":"Burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children younger than 5 years: global estimates","volume":"374","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.4.701","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children","volume":"113","author":"Michelow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200004000-00006","article-title":"Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 254 hospitalized children","volume":"19","author":"Juv\u00e9n","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1086\/514697","article-title":"Etiology of pneumonia and other common childhood infections requiring hospitalization and parenteral antimicrobial therapy. SE-TU Study Group","volume":"27","author":"Vuori","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1086\/324358","article-title":"Diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae lower respiratory infection in hospitalized children by culture, polymerase chain reaction, serological testing, and urinary antigen detection","volume":"34","author":"Michelow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0006","first-page":"143","article-title":"Problems in determining the etiology of community-acquired childhood pneumonia","volume":"8","author":"Isaacs","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.12.53","article-title":"The fundamental link between pneumococcal carriage and disease","volume":"11","author":"Simell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006665","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006665","article-title":"The immunological mechanisms that control pneumococcal carriage","volume":"13","author":"Jochems","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181f87802","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal carriage of individual Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes during pediatric pneumonia as a means to estimate serotype disease potential","volume":"30","author":"Greenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.10.015","article-title":"Invasive disease potential of pneumococci before and after the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation in children","volume":"33","author":"Varon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12422","article-title":"High invasiveness of pneumococcal serotypes included in the new generation of conjugate vaccines","volume":"20","author":"del Amo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.10.032","article-title":"Serotype specific invasive capacity and persistent reduction in invasive pneumococcal disease","volume":"29","author":"Yildirim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1086\/505710","article-title":"Capsular serotype-specific attack rates and duration of carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a population of children","volume":"194","author":"Sleeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00275-06","article-title":"Distribution and invasiveness of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Switzerland, a country with low antibiotic selection pressure, from 2001 to 2004","volume":"44","author":"Kronenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000220231.79968.f6","article-title":"Site-specific disease potential of individual Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in pediatric invasive disease, acute otitis media and acute conjunctivitis","volume":"25","author":"Shouval","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1086\/423820","article-title":"Temporal and geographic stability of the serogroup-specific invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children","volume":"190","author":"Brueggemann","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1086\/374624","article-title":"Clonal relationships between invasive and carriage Streptococcus pneumoniae and serotype- and clone-specific differences in invasive disease potential","volume":"187","author":"Brueggemann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0195799","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195799","article-title":"Pneumococcal carriage in children and their household contacts six years after introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in England","volume":"13","author":"Southern","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000604","article-title":"Differential impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on bacteremic pneumonia versus other invasive pneumococcal disease","volume":"34","author":"Ben-Shimol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"author":"The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics","key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0020"},{"volume-title":"Statistical Yearbook of the Negev Bedouin 2004","key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0021"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0022","article-title":"The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Statistical Abstract of Israel No 56. 2005, Jerusalem. Section 2: Population. https:\/\/www.cbs.gov.il\/en\/publications\/Pages\/2005\/Population-Statistical-Abstract-of-Israel-2005-No-56.aspx. Accessed 1 July 2019."},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007439908351","article-title":"Hospitalizations for infectious diseases in Jewish and Bedouin children in southern Israel","volume":"14","author":"Levy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0024","first-page":"353","article-title":"Standardized interpretation of paediatric chest radiographs for the diagnosis of pneumonia in epidemiological studies","volume":"83","author":"Cherian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"volume-title":"Standardization of interpretation of chest radiographs for the diagnosis of pneumonia in children","year":"2001","author":"World Health Organization Pneumonia Vaccine Trial Investigator\u2019s Group","key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0025"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000023","article-title":"Short-course antibiotic treatment for community-acquired alveolar pneumonia in ambulatory children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Greenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31828691cb","article-title":"Serotype\u00ba1 [corrected] childhood invasive pneumococcal disease has unique characteristics compared to disease caused by other Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes","volume":"32","author":"Fuchs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu683","article-title":"Near-elimination of otitis media caused by 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) serotypes in southern Israel shortly after sequential introduction of 7-valent\/13-valent PCV","volume":"59","author":"Ben-Shimol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1095414","article-title":"Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in children <5 years of age visiting the pediatric emergency room in relation to PCV7 and PCV13 introduction in southern Israel","volume":"12","author":"Ben-Shimol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.06.057","article-title":"Impact of PCV13 on community-acquired pneumonia by C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels in children","volume":"35","author":"Levy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ023","article-title":"Seasonality of both bacteremic and nonbacteremic pneumonia coincides with viral lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood, in contrast to nonpneumonia invasive pneumococcal disease, in the pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era","volume":"60","author":"Ben-Shimol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12265","article-title":"Impact of preceding respiratory viral infections on the clinical severity of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"8","author":"Yoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1077","article-title":"A role for Streptococcus pneumoniae in virus-associated pneumonia","volume":"10","author":"Madhi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0034","first-page":"1111","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage during childhood community-acquired alveolar pneumonia: relationship between specific serotypes and coinfecting viruses","volume":"215","author":"Greenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1086\/655828","article-title":"Association of serotype with risk of death due to pneumococcal pneumonia: a meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Weinberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0036","unstructured":"Greenberg\n              D\n            , Givon-LaviN, Ben-ShimolS, et al.\n          Clinical and laboratory characteristics of radiographically-diagnosed alveolar community-acquired pneumonia in the PCV13 era [abstract ESP16-0173]. 34th European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID) (Brighton, UK). May 10\u201314, 2016."},{"key":"2019110219360395900_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu326","article-title":"High nasopharyngeal pneumococcal density, increased by viral coinfection, is associated with invasive pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"210","author":"Wolter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiz513\/30342563\/jiz513.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiz513\/30342563\/jiz513.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]],"date-time":"2019-11-02T19:36:17Z","timestamp":1572723377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiz513\/5581683"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,5]]},"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiz513","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-1899"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1537-6613"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,5]]},"article-number":"jiz513"}}