{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:16:31Z","timestamp":1780449391904,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1132975"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1132975"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1117504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1117504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The human hookworm, Necator americanus, is a parasite that infects almost half a billion people worldwide. Although treatment is available, vaccination is favorable to combat the spread of this parasite due to its wide distribution and continuous reinfection cycle in endemic communities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have designed a lipopeptide oral delivery system using a B-cell epitope derived from the aspartic protease Na-APR-1 from N americanus, attached to a T-helper epitope. Lipopeptides were self-assembled into nanoparticles or entrapped in liposomes that were electrostatically coated with alginate and trimethyl chitosan polymer shields. The adjuvant-free vaccine candidates were orally administered to mice and generated a humoral immune response against both peptide antigen, and the parent protein in the hookworm gut.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The vaccine candidates were evaluated in a rodent hookworm challenge model, resulting in up to 98% and 99% decreases in mean intestinal worm and egg burdens in immunized mice, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lipopeptide survived the gastrointestinal conditions, induced humoral immune responses and drived protection against parasite challenge infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T11:42:20Z","timestamp":1570794140000},"page":"934-942","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Lipopeptide-Based Oral Vaccine Against Hookworm Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Stacey","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon M","family":"Eichenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"James Cook University, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, Cairns, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reshma J","family":"Nevagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khairunnisa Abdul","family":"Ghaffar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, 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