{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:42:59Z","timestamp":1790638979497,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AI088650-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI088650-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin lesions from patients infected with Leishmania braziliensis has been associated with inflammation induced by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. In addition, CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity has not been linked to parasite killing. Meanwhile, the cytotoxic role played by natural killer (NK) cells in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we observed higher frequencies of NK cells in the peripheral blood of CL patients compared with healthy subjects, and that NK cells expressed more interferon-\u03b3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granzyme B, and perforin than CD8+ T cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We also found that most of the cytotoxic activity in CL lesions was triggered by NK cells, and that the high levels of granzyme B produced in CL lesions was associated with larger lesion size. Furthermore, an in vitro blockade of granzyme B was observed to decrease TNF production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Concclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data, taken together, suggest an important role by NK cells in inducing inflammation in CL, thereby contributing to disease immunopathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T20:30:58Z","timestamp":1571171458000},"page":"973-982","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Granzyme B Produced by Natural Killer Cells Enhances Inflammatory Response and Contributes to the Immunopathology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Ta\u00eds M","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisas Cl\u00ednicas, Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar 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