{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:49:40Z","timestamp":1786366180896,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1156448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1156448"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI007044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI007044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08AI143926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08AI143926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI093646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI093646"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Novel antimicrobials for treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are needed. We hypothesized that nicotinamide (NAM) and nicotinic acid (NA) modulate macrophage function to restrict M. tuberculosis replication in addition to their direct antimicrobial properties. Both compounds had modest activity in 7H9 broth, but only NAM inhibited replication in macrophages. Surprisingly, in macrophages NAM and the related compound pyrazinamide restricted growth of bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin but not wild-type Mycobacterium bovis, which both lack a functional nicotinamidase\/pyrazinamidase (PncA) rendering each strain resistant to these drugs in broth culture. Interestingly, NAM was not active in macrophages infected with a virulent M. tuberculosis mutant encoding a deletion in pncA. We conclude that the differential activity of NAM and nicotinic acid on infected macrophages suggests host-specific NAM targets rather than PncA-dependent direct antimicrobial properties. These activities are sufficient to restrict attenuated BCG, but not virulent wild-type M. bovis or M. tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T07:06:19Z","timestamp":1571295979000},"page":"989-999","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Nicotinamide Limits Replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin Within Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Jason D","family":"Simmons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Research & Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenna J","family":"Peterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Research & Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Campo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Research & Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Lohmiller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn J","family":"Skerrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorin","family":"Tunaru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Offermanns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R","family":"Sherman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R","family":"Hawn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Research & Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020030211394821600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.677","article-title":"Consensus statement. 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