{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T17:45:59Z","timestamp":1757699159678,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Neglected Tropical Diseases Modelling Consortium"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis ([gHAT] sleeping sickness) is a vector-borne disease that is typically fatal without treatment. Intensified, mainly medical-based, interventions in endemic areas have reduced the occurrence of gHAT to historically low levels. However, persistent regions, primarily in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), remain a challenge to achieving the World Health Organization\u2019s goal of global elimination of transmission (EOT).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used stochastic models of gHAT transmission fitted to DRC case data and explored patterns of regional reporting and extinction. The time to EOT at a health zone scale (~100 000 people) and how an absence of reported cases informs about EOT was quantified.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Regional epidemiology and level of active screening (AS) both influenced the predicted time to EOT. Different AS cessation criteria had similar expected infection dynamics, and recrudescence of infection was unlikely. However, whether EOT has been achieved when AS ends is critically dependent on the stopping criteria. Two or three consecutive years of no detected cases provided greater confidence of EOT compared with a single year (~66%\u201375% and ~82%\u201384% probability of EOT, respectively, compared with 31%\u201351%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple years of AS without case detections is a valuable measure to assess the likelihood that the EOT target has been met locally.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T04:27:38Z","timestamp":1573100858000},"page":"S539-S545","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Screening Strategies for a Sustainable Endpoint for Gambiense Sleeping Sickness"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"M Soledad","family":"Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Aliee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research (SBIDER), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erick","family":"Mwamba Miaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine, Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt J","family":"Keeling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research (SBIDER), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom"},{"name":"School of Life Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nakul","family":"Chitnis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kat S","family":"Rock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research (SBIDER), University of Warwick, Coventry, United 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