{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T22:25:51Z","timestamp":1767911151200,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,10]],"date-time":"2019-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56AI052065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56AI052065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI052065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI052065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA044111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA044111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Global immune activation and HLA alleles are each associated with the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus .<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We evaluated the relationship between 44 HLA class I and 28 class II alleles and percentages of activated CD8 (CD8+CD38+DR+) and CD4 (CD4+CD38+DR+) T cells in 586 women who were naive to highly active antiretroviral therapy. We used linear generalized estimating equation regression models, adjusting for race\/ethnicity, age, HIV load, and hepatitis C virus infection and controlling for multiplicity using a false discovery rate threshold of 0.10.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ten HLA alleles were associated with CD8 and\/or CD4 T-cell activation. Lower percentages of activated CD8 and\/or CD4 T cells were associated with protective alleles B*57:03 (CD8 T cells, \u22126.6% [P = .002]; CD4 T cells, \u22122.7% [P = .007]), C*18:01 (CD8 T cells, \u22126.6%; P &amp;lt; .0008) and DRB1*13:01 (CD4 T cells, \u22122.7%; P &amp;lt; .0004), and higher percentages were found with B*18:01 (CD8 T cells, 6.2%; P &amp;lt; .0003), a detrimental allele. Other alleles\/allele groups associated with activation included C*12:03, group DQA1*01:00, DQB1*03:01, DQB1*03:02, DQB1*06:02, and DQB1*06:03.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These findings suggest that a person\u2019s HLA type may play a role in modulating T-cell activation independent of viral load and sheds light on the relationship between HLA, T-cell activation, immune control, and HIV pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T04:27:38Z","timestamp":1573100858000},"page":"1156-1166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association of HLA Genotype With T-Cell Activation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and HIV\/Hepatitis C Virus\u2013Coinfected Women"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Andrea A Z","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Center for Infectious Diseases and Virology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Kono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Center for Infectious Diseases and Virology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"},{"name":"City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daidong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Center for Infectious Diseases and Virology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toni","family":"Frederick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Center for Infectious Diseases and Virology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Operskalski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Center for Infectious Diseases and Virology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phyllis C","family":"Tien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey L","family":"French","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Stroger Hospital of Cook County\/CORE Center, Rush Medical School, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Minkoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Maimonides Medical Center and SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seble","family":"Kassaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"T. 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