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HCMV infections are also responsible for more congenital infections worldwide than any other agent. Congenital HCMV (cCMV) infections are the leading nongenetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss and a source of significant neurological disabilities in children. While there is overlap in the clinical and laboratory approaches to diagnosis of HCMV infections in these settings, the management, follow-up, treatment, and diagnostic strategies differ considerably. As yet, no country has implemented a universal screening program for cCMV. Here, we summarize the issues, limitations, and application of diagnostic strategies for transplant recipients and congenital infection, including examples of screening programs for congenital HCMV that have been implemented at several centers in Japan, Italy, and the United States.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T07:09:29Z","timestamp":1574406569000},"page":"S74-S85","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Clinical Diagnostic Testing for Human Cytomegalovirus Infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Raymund R","family":"Razonable","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"},{"name":"William J von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swetha G","family":"Pinninti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh B","family":"Boppana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Lazzarotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Specialized, Experimental, and Diagnostic Medicine, Polyclinic of St Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Gabrielli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Specialized, Experimental, and Diagnostic Medicine, Polyclinic of St Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Simonazzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences, Polyclinic of St Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip E","family":"Pellett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D Scott","family":"Schmid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020030507501083400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13512","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13512","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplant recipients-guidelines of the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice","volume":"33","author":"Razonable","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"2020030507501083400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw668","article-title":"Definitions of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in transplant patients for use in clinical trials","volume":"64","author":"Ljungman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020030507501083400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13149","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA quantification in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of immunocompromised patients with CMV pneumonia","volume":"32","author":"Beam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"2020030507501083400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix048","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA quantitation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with CMV pneumonia","volume":"215","author":"Boeckh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020030507501083400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit521","article-title":"Detection of cytomegalovirus DNA in plasma as an adjunct diagnostic for gastrointestinal tract disease in 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Percorsi diagnostici-assistenziali in ostetricia-ginecologia e Neonatologia. Citomegalovirus. [Infectious diseases in obstetrics-gynecology and neonatology. Diagnostic-assistance pathways in obstetrics-gynecology and neonatology. 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