{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T03:08:03Z","timestamp":1767236883308,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI60579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI60579"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["GNT1145033","GNT1117140","GNT1098319","GNT1130455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1145033","GNT1117140","GNT1098319","GNT1130455"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Group A Streptococcus is a pathogen of global importance, but despite the ubiquity of group A Streptococcus infections, the relationship between infection, colonization, and immunity is still not completely understood. The M protein, encoded by the emm gene, is a major virulence factor and vaccine candidate and forms the basis of a number of classification systems. Longitudinal patterns of emm types collected from 457 Fijian schoolchildren over a 10-month period were analyzed. No evidence of tissue tropism was observed, and there was no apparent selective pressure or constraint of emm types. Patterns of emm type acquisition suggest limited, if any, modification of future infection based on infection history. Where impetigo is the dominant mode of transmission, circulating emm types either may not be constrained by ecological niches or population immunity to the M protein, or they may require several infections over a longer period of time to induce such immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T04:29:43Z","timestamp":1574310583000},"page":"1429-1437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Longitudinal Analysis of Group A Streptococcus emm Types and emm Clusters in a High-Prevalence Setting: Relationship between Past and Future Infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"221","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4013-9835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia Therese","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory Epidemiology Unit, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven Y C","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory Epidemiology Unit, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Doherty Department at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Geard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory Epidemiology Unit, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark R","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate A","family":"Worthing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jake A","family":"Lacey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doherty Department at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre R","family":"Smeesters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Academic Children Hospital Queen Fabiola, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R","family":"Batzloff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Suva, Fiji"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji"},{"name":"Fiji Rheumatic Heart Disease Control Program, Suva, Fiji"},{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam W J","family":"Jenney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jodie","family":"Mcvernon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory Epidemiology Unit, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, The Royal Children\u2019s 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