{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:25:37Z","timestamp":1792794337868,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_4","funder":[{"name":"Research Participation Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006229","name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"US Department of Energy","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01bj3aw27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"CDC Emerging Infectious Disease Research Core Funds"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN26120080001E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN26120080001E"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH Intramural AIDS Targeted Antiviral Program"},{"name":"Center for Cancer Research","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bjen692","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes fatal encephalitis and respiratory disease in humans. There is currently no approved therapeutic for human use against NiV infection. Griffithsin (GRFT) is high-mannose oligosaccharide binding lectin that has shown in vivo broad-spectrum activity against viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, human immunodeficiency virus 1, hepatitis C virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral activities of GRFT and its synthetic trimeric tandemer (3mG) against NiV and other viruses from 4 virus families. The 3mG had comparatively greater potency than GRFT against NiV due to its enhanced ability to block NiV glycoprotein-induced syncytia formation. Our initial in vivo prophylactic evaluation of an oxidation-resistant GRFT (Q-GRFT) showed significant protection against lethal NiV challenge in Syrian golden hamsters. Our results warrant further development of Q-GRFT and 3mG as potential NiV therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T15:08:48Z","timestamp":1580828928000},"page":"S480-S492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Griffithsin Inhibits Nipah Virus Entry and Fusion and Can Protect Syrian Golden Hamsters From Lethal Nipah Virus Challenge"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"221","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0409-7896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael K","family":"Lo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R","family":"Spengler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren R H","family":"Krumpe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R","family":"Welch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anasuya","family":"Chattopadhyay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R","family":"Harmon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JoAnn D","family":"Coleman-McCray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florine E M","family":"Scholte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne L","family":"Hotard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua L","family":"Fuqua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John K","family":"Rose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart T","family":"Nichol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth E","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry R","family":"O\u2019Keefe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina F","family":"Spiropoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy611","article-title":"Nipah virus outbreaks: still small but extremely lethal","volume":"219","author":"Spiropoulou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0002","article-title":"Remdesivir","volume":"11","author":"Lo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30916","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30916","article-title":"Pathogenic differences between Nipah virus Bangladesh and Malaysia strains in primates: implications for antibody therapy","volume":"6","author":"Mire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7604","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25780-3","article-title":"Favipiravir (T-705) protects against Nipah virus infection in the hamster model","volume":"8","author":"Dawes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003684","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003684","article-title":"Crystal structure of the Hendra virus attachment G glycoprotein bound to a potent cross-reactive neutralizing human monoclonal antibody","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy152","article-title":"Fusion inhibitory lipopeptides engineered for prophylaxis of Nipah virus in primates","volume":"218","author":"Mathieu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43610","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43610","article-title":"Broad spectrum antiviral activity for paramyxoviruses is modulated by biophysical properties of fusion inhibitory peptides","volume":"7","author":"Mathieu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4257","DOI":"10.1021\/jm900411s","article-title":"A small-molecule inhibitor of Nipah virus envelope protein-mediated membrane fusion","volume":"52","author":"Niedermeier","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-2-57","article-title":"Inhibition of Henipavirus fusion and infection by heptad-derived peptides of the Nipah virus fusion glycoprotein","volume":"2","author":"Bossart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02427","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02427-14","article-title":"Heparan sulfate-dependent enhancement of henipavirus infection","volume":"6","author":"Mathieu","year":"2015","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02435-14","article-title":"Timing of galectin-1 exposure differentially modulates Nipah virus entry and syncytium formation in endothelial cells","volume":"89","author":"Garner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000993","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000993","article-title":"Endothelial galectin-1 binds to specific glycans on Nipah virus fusion protein and inhibits maturation, mobility, and function to block syncytia formation","volume":"6","author":"Garner","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.1.413","article-title":"Novel innate immune functions for galectin-1: galectin-1 inhibits cell fusion by Nipah virus envelope glycoproteins and augments dendritic cell secretion of proinflammatory cytokines","volume":"175","author":"Levroney","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0014"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9345","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411122200","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of griffithsin, a novel HIV-inactivating protein, from the red alga Griffithsia sp","volume":"280","author":"Mori","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0016","article-title":"Studies in a murine model confirm the safety of griffithsin and advocate its further development as a microbicide targeting HIV-1 and other enveloped viruses","volume":"8:E311","author":"Kouokam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-012-1489-2","article-title":"Griffithsin inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus infection in vitro and in vivo","volume":"158","author":"Ishag","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02322-09","article-title":"Broad-spectrum in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of the antiviral protein Griffithsin against emerging viruses of the family Coronaviridae","volume":"84","author":"O\u2019Keefe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64449","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064449","article-title":"Antiviral lectins from red and blue-green algae show potent in vitro and in vivo activity against hepatitis C virus","volume":"8","author":"Takebe","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-014-0127-3","article-title":"Griffithsin tandemers: flexible and potent lectin inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"12","author":"Moulaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0021","volume-title":"The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services, University of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc., University of Pittsburgh - Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education","author":"O\u2019Keefe","year":"; 18  2018.   : 20180016307"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6099","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901506106","article-title":"Scaleable manufacture of HIV-1 entry inhibitor griffithsin and validation of its safety and efficacy as a topical microbicide component","volume":"106","author":"O\u2019Keefe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-015-0120-5","article-title":"Improving the large scale purification of the HIV microbicide, griffithsin","volume":"15","author":"Fuqua","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.251-259.1999","article-title":"Generation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) from cDNA: BRSV NS2 is not essential for virus replication in tissue culture, and the human RSV leader region acts as a functional BRSV genome promoter","volume":"73","author":"Buchholz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43395","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43395","article-title":"GS-5734 and its parent nucleoside analog inhibit Filo-, Pneumo-, and Paramyxoviruses","volume":"7","author":"Lo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.05.003","article-title":"Inhibitors of cellular kinases with broad-spectrum antiviral activity for hemorrhagic fever viruses","volume":"120","author":"Mohr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.03.011","article-title":"Evaluation of luciferase and GFP-expressing Nipah viruses for rapid quantitative antiviral screening","volume":"106","author":"Lo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02924-14","article-title":"Live-attenuated measles virus vaccine targets dendritic cells and macrophages in muscle of nonhuman primates","volume":"89","author":"Rennick","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2011.05.003","article-title":"Rescue of wild-type mumps virus from a strain associated with recent outbreaks helps to define the role of the SH ORF in the pathogenesis of mumps virus","volume":"417","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.2.1113-1124.2005","article-title":"Infection of ciliated cells by human parainfluenza virus type 3 in an in vitro model of human airway epithelium","volume":"79","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.12.020","article-title":"Recovery of human metapneumovirus from cDNA: optimization of growth in vitro and expression of additional genes","volume":"321","author":"Biacchesi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.007","article-title":"Lassa and Ebola virus inhibitors identified using minigenome and recombinant virus reporter systems","volume":"136","author":"Welch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.10.008","article-title":"Identification of 2\u2019-deoxy-2\u2019-fluorocytidine as a potent inhibitor of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus replication using a recombinant fluorescent reporter virus","volume":"147","author":"Welch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0034","first-page":"493","article-title":"A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints","volume":"27","author":"Reed","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am J Hygiene"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.06.011","article-title":"4\u2019-Azidocytidine (R1479) inhibits henipaviruses and other paramyxoviruses with high potency","volume":"144","author":"Hotard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-7-115","article-title":"Use of monoclonal antibodies against Hendra and Nipah viruses in an antigen capture ELISA","volume":"7","author":"Chiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01852-10","article-title":"Complementing defective viruses that express separate paramyxovirus glycoproteins provide a new vaccine vector approach","volume":"85","author":"Chattopadhyay","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1802.111492","article-title":"Characterization of Nipah virus from outbreaks in Bangladesh, 2008\u20132010","volume":"18","author":"Lo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.21336","article-title":"Crystallographic, thermodynamic, and molecular modeling studies of the mode of binding of oligosaccharides to the potent antiviral protein griffithsin","volume":"67","author":"Zi\u00f3\u0142kowska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.072889407","article-title":"Crystallographic studies of the complexes of antiviral protein griffithsin with glucose and N-acetylglucosamine","volume":"16","author":"Zi\u00f3\u0142kowska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2010.05.016","article-title":"Monomerization of viral entry inhibitor griffithsin elucidates the relationship between multivalent binding to carbohydrates and anti-HIV activity","volume":"18","author":"Moulaei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3976","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00332-13","article-title":"The griffithsin dimer is required for high-potency inhibition of HIV-1: evidence for manipulation of the structure of gp120 as part of the griffithsin dimer mechanism","volume":"57","author":"Xue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004001","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004001","article-title":"Foodborne transmission of Nipah virus in Syrian hamsters","volume":"10","author":"de Wit","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.4236\/abb.2011.26059","article-title":"Degradation of naturally occurring and engineered antimicrobial peptides by proteases","volume":"2","author":"Moncla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Biosci Biotechnol"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.10.4878-4889.2006","article-title":"N-glycans on Nipah virus fusion protein protect against neutralization but reduce membrane fusion and viral entry","volume":"80","author":"Aguilar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11991","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01304-12","article-title":"N-Glycans on the Nipah virus attachment glycoprotein modulate fusion and viral entry as they protect against antibody neutralization","volume":"86","author":"Biering","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v8120331","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of the antiviral lectin griffithsin administered by different routes indicates multiple potential uses","volume":"8","author":"Barton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01407-13","article-title":"Activity of and effect of subcutaneous treatment with the broad-spectrum antiviral lectin griffithsin in two laboratory rodent models","volume":"58","author":"Barton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020051111582812400_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22635","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022635","article-title":"Investigation of griffithsin\u2019s interactions with human cells confirms its outstanding safety and efficacy profile as a microbicide candidate","volume":"6","author":"Kouokam","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiz630\/33144476\/jiz630.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/221\/Supplement_4\/S480\/33202577\/jiz630.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/221\/Supplement_4\/S480\/33202577\/jiz630.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T19:23:57Z","timestamp":1589225037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/221\/Supplement_4\/S480\/5731546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiz630","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.737351246.793588344","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]}}}