{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:22:17Z","timestamp":1784956937672,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014-StG 639776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-StG 639776"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INDIE OPP1173572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INDIE OPP1173572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research","award":["016.158.306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["016.158.306"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI117304-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI117304-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Plasmodium falciparum transmission depends on mature gametocytes that can be ingested by mosquitoes taking a blood meal on human skin. Although gametocyte skin sequestration has long been hypothesized as important contributor to efficient malaria transmission, this has never been formally tested.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In naturally infected gametocyte carriers from Burkina Faso, we assessed infectivity to mosquitoes by direct skin feeding and membrane feeding. We directly quantified male and female gametocytes and asexual parasites in finger-prick and venous blood samples, skin biopsy samples, and in of mosquitoes that fed on venous blood or directly on skin. Gametocytes were visualized in skin tissue with confocal microscopy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although more mosquitoes became infected when feeding directly on skin then when feeding on venous blood (odds ratio, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.21\u20133.33; P = .007), concentrations of gametocytes were not higher in the subdermal skin vasculature than in other blood compartments; only sparse gametocytes were observed in skin tissue.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our data strongly suggest that there is no significant skin sequestration of P. falciparum gametocytes. Gametocyte densities in peripheral blood are thus informative for predicting onward transmission potential to mosquitoes and can be used to target and monitor malaria elimination initiatives.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T12:07:34Z","timestamp":1577102854000},"page":"1822-1830","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["<i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i> Gametocyte Density and Infectivity in Peripheral Blood and Skin Tissue of Naturally Infected Parasite Carriers in Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"Elamaran","family":"Meibalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aissata","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"},{"name":"Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew P","family":"Gibbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shehu","family":"Awandu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisette","family":"Meerstein-Kessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Achcar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selina","family":"Bopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. 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