{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:14:24Z","timestamp":1789600464886,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique - PHRC 2012"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004726","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AOM12047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AOM12047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004726","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic disseminated candidiasis (CDC) is a rare disease that mostly occurs after chemotherapy-induced prolonged neutropenia in patients with hematological malignancies. It is believed to ensue from Candida colonization, breach of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and venous translocation to organs. Fungal blood or liver biopsy cultures are generally negative, suggesting the absence of an ongoing invasive fungal disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To unravel the contribution of the immune system to CDC pathogenesis, we undertook a prospective multicentric exploratory study in 44 CDC patients at diagnosis and 44 matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Analysis of Candida-specific T-cell responses using enzyme-linked immunospot assays revealed higher numbers of interferon (IFN)\u03b3-producing T cells reactive to mp65 or candidin in 27 CDC cases compared with 33 controls. Increased plasma levels of soluble CD25, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1\u03b2, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, and IL-10 and lower levels of IL-2 were observed in CDC patients versus controls. Neutrophilia and higher levels of CD4 and CD8 T-cell activation were found in CDC patients as well as increased proportions of CXCR3-expressing TCR\u03b3\u03b4\u200a+V\u03b42+ cells.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The expansion of Candida-specific IFN\u03b3-producing T cells together with features of T-cell activation and systemic inflammation identified here support the view that CDC belongs to the broad spectrum of fungal-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T20:09:59Z","timestamp":1577131799000},"page":"1907-1916","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Chronic Disseminated Candidiasis During Hematological Malignancies: An Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome With Expansion of Pathogen-Specific T Helper Type 1 Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Candon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Descartes, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP), H\u00f4pital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Immunologie Biologique, Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rouen Normandie, INSERM U1234, CHU de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blandine","family":"Rammaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, APHP, H\u00f4pital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre d\u2019Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, IHU Imagine, Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et Pharmacie, Poitiers, France"},{"name":"CHU de Poitiers, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Perrine","family":"Foray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Descartes, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP), H\u00f4pital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Immunologie Biologique, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baptiste","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Descartes, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP), H\u00f4pital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Immunologie Biologique, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Pilar","family":"Gallego Hernanz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Poitiers, Service d\u2019H\u00e9matologie, Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucienne","family":"Chatenoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Descartes, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP), H\u00f4pital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Immunologie Biologique, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Lortholary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, APHP, H\u00f4pital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre d\u2019Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, IHU Imagine, Paris, France"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unit\u00e9 de Mycologie Mol\u00e9culaire, Paris, 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