{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T06:26:12Z","timestamp":1783664772774,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM5224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM5224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the United States, many opioid treatment programs (OTPs) do not offer viral hepatitis (VH) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing despite high prevalence among OTP clients. We initiated an opt-out VH and HIV testing and linkage-to-care program within our OTP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All OTP intakes are screened for VH and HIV and evaluated for rescreening annually. A patient navigator reviews laboratory results and provides counseling in the OTP clinic. The medical record is queried to identify individuals with previously diagnosed, untreated VH or HIV. Navigation support is provided for linkage or relinkage to VH or HIV care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Between March 2018 and Februrary 2019, 532 individuals were screened for hepatitis C virus (HCV), 180 tested HCV antibody positive (34%), and 108 were HCV-ribonucleic acid (RNA) positive (20%). Sixty individuals were identified with previously diagnosed, untreated HCV. Of all HCV RNA+, 49% reported current injection drug use (82 of 168). Ninety-five individuals were seen by an HCV specialist (57% of HCV RNA+), 72 started treatment (43%), and 69 (41%) completed treatment. Individuals with primary care providers were most likely to start treatment. Four individuals were diagnosed with hepatitis B; 0 were diagnosed with HIV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The implementation of an OTP-based screening and navigation protocol has enabled significant gains in the identification and treatment of VH in this high prevalence setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,2]],"date-time":"2020-01-02T20:08:02Z","timestamp":1577995682000},"page":"S384-S391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Viral Hepatitis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Linkage to Care for Individuals Enrolled in an Opioid Treatment Program"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"222","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2144-7410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E","family":"Rowan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin F","family":"Kamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Beum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Bryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Behavioral Health Services, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Gawenus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Behavioral Health Services, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayan","family":"Colon Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Behavioral Health Services, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermione","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Behavioral Health Services, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020090213232918700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz133","article-title":"Opioids and infectious diseases: a converging public health crisis","volume":"220","author":"Schwetz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020090213232918700_CIT0002","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2020090213232918700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2019.01.001","article-title":"The United States opioid epidemic","volume":"43","author":"Lyden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"2020090213232918700_CIT0004","first-page":"443","article-title":"Community outbreak of HIV infection linked to injection drug use of oxymorphone\u2013Indiana, 2015","volume":"64","author":"Conrad","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2020090213232918700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6815a2","article-title":"Outbreak of human immunodeficiency virus infection among heterosexual persons who are living homeless and inject drugs \u2013 Seattle, Washington, 2018. 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