{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:55:29Z","timestamp":1791208529549,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fragile Sites of Human Chromosomes and Infertility and Recurrent Abortion","award":["21A200078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21A200078"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used scRNA-seq to explore the underlying mechanisms of decidual natural killer cells affecting recurrent miscarriage (RM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We obtained the GSE214607 scRNA-seq dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, containing data from 5 normal and 3 RM pregnancy samples. The \u2018Seurat\u2019 and \u2018Harmony\u2019 R package was used for the scRNA-seq analysis. Differentially expressed genes among cell subpopulations were identified using FindAllMarkers function, and the \u2018Monocle2\u2019 package was employed to construct pseudo-time trajectories. Finally, the \u2018CellChat\u2019 package was used to analyze ligand-receptor interactions between cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analysis revealed altered immune cell composition in RM, with reduced decidual NK (dNK), decidual stromal, and epithelial glandular cells but increased Mono\/Macro proportions. Two dNK subclusters were identified: PAEP-high (linked to growth factor signaling) and LGALS1-high (involved in glycolysis and platelet function). Despite similar subcluster frequencies, RM samples showed elevated interferon response genes (e.g. IFITM1, ISG15) and diminished migration\/activation signals. Pseudo-time analysis highlighted progressive gene expression changes during RM. CellChat revealed reduced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) signaling, indicating impaired angiogenesis, and enhanced TNF, MHC-II, and FAS\/FASL interactions, suggesting increased inflammation and trophoblast apoptosis. These findings implicate dNK dysfunction in RM and suggest potential therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings demonstrate dNK cell dysfunction in RM, marked by heightened interferon signaling and aberrant crosstalk with trophoblasts. Integrative analysis of public transcriptomic data suggests that dNK cell-directed interventions represent a putative therapeutic avenue for RM.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Insight RM linked to decidual immune imbalance with reduced dNK and increased monocytes\/macrophages. Two dNK subclusters (PAEP-high, LGALS1-high) with specific gene expression pattern in RM. RM shows impaired angiogenesis, inflammation, and trophoblast apoptosis in dNK cell-mediated signaling pathways. Dysfunctional dNK cells drive RM, revealing potential therapeutic targets for treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/intbio\/zyag021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:34:51Z","timestamp":1790076891000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of decidual natural killer cells cell heterogeneity and dynamic evolution in recurrent miscarriage based on single cell RNA-seq analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Binbin","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Genetics Dapartment (Prenatal Diagnosis Centre), Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital , No. 6 Wentan Road, Qiongshan District, Haikou 570206 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