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There is broad consensus that the decline in biodiversity is real. This article analyzed current literature for causes of this decline and of chemical contamination. The main drivers identified were land use changes and structural uniformity of agricultural landscapes or multiple contaminants emitted by various sources such as wastewater discharge systems. Comparing measured environmental concentrations from published monitoring studies with exposure predictions from the regulatory risk assessment reveals only slight occasional exceedances for a few environmental scenarios and compounds. Therefore, the call for greater conservatism in the European authorization process for PPPs will not lead to an improvement in the environmental situation. We suggest enhancing landscape diversity through the European Union Common Agricultural Policy and reducing contamination from wastewater and farmyard effluents. The current regulatory risk management toolbox should be expanded to include flexible localized mitigation measures and treatment options to reduce applied amounts and off-target exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/inteam\/vjae007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T09:27:45Z","timestamp":1736155665000},"page":"3-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The European regulatory system for plant protection products\u2014cause of a \u201cSilent Spring\u201d or highly advanced and protective?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Carola","family":"Schriever","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BASF SE, Agricultural Solutions, Environmental Fate , Limburgerhof,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Jene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BASF SE, Agricultural Solutions, Environmental Fate , Limburgerhof,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Resseler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syngenta Agro GmbH , Frankfurt am Main,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Spatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syngenta Agro GmbH , Frankfurt am Main,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Sur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer AG, Crop Science, Environmental Safety , Monheim am Rhein,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnd","family":"Weyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer AG, Crop Science, Environmental Safety , Monheim am Rhein,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrieverband Agrar e. 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