{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:39:54Z","timestamp":1792453194636,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Global biodiversity is declining, driven by multiple interacting pressures, including the five most prominent: resource use, habitat loss, invasive species, climate change, and chemical pollution. While chemical exposure is recognized as a potential driver of biodiversity loss, quantitative links and its relative impact as compared with other stressors remain poorly understood. The European Union (EU) has intensified efforts to reduce pollution and restore biodiversity through strategic frameworks such as the Biodiversity Strategy, Farm to Fork Strategy, Zero Pollution Action Plan, and Chemical Strategy for Sustainability. Key chemical regulations such as REACH and the Plant Protection Products Regulation aim to protect ecosystems; however, due to the complexity of ecosystems and the range of stressors, it is difficult to measure their direct impact on maintaining or improving biodiversity objectives. This review, conducted by a multidisciplinary task force brought together by ECETOC, evaluates the current state of biodiversity research efforts and their integration within EU chemical regulation. We examined EU legislation, strategy documents, EU-funded research, and peer-reviewed literature to identify biodiversity definitions, metrics, and methodologies and to highlight gaps in linking chemical exposure to biodiversity outcomes. Findings indicate that current chemical regulations mainly reference biodiversity qualitatively, biodiversity research often lacks a focus on chemical impacts, and research outcomes are not clearly linked to regulatory frameworks. The relationship between biodiversity and chemical impacts is further complicated by diverse definitions and metrics of biodiversity in the academic literature, with limited consistency across biomes and minimal alignment with chemical risk assessment practices. To strengthen biodiversity considerations in chemical regulation, we recommend the following: developing operational definitions of biodiversity applicable across regulatory contexts; standardizing metrics and indicators; establishing a centralized data platform for biodiversity research; and leveraging existing data, methodologies, tools, and new technologies (e.g., machine learning). Bridging knowledge gaps between policy objectives and available approaches, while aligning biodiversity considerations across chemical regulation and other regulations that can affect biodiversity, such as habitat loss, will promote coherence and cooperation. Continued multistakeholder engagement and alignment is critical in achieving these recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/inteam\/vjag145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:38:38Z","timestamp":1787755118000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biodiversity and chemical regulation: Status quo, data gaps, and recommendations for future action"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Anja","family":"Gladbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer AG , Monheim,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph J","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BASF SE , Limburgerhof,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9565-8758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Stoler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exponent, Inc , 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