{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T22:44:51Z","timestamp":1774478691036,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM125498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM125498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is an increasing demand for photography for trachoma prevalence surveys. In previous studies, digital single lens reflex (DSLR) images were superior to smartphone images, but newer-model smartphones and\/or lens attachments may be able to bridge this gap. This study compares the image quality and ability to detect trachomatous inflammation \u2013 follicular (TF) of three camera types: a DSLR Nikon camera, an iPhone SE and an iPhone 13 Pro with a cell scope.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We surveyed 62 children ages 1\u20137\u00a0y from two Tanzanian communities. Upper tarsal conjunctiva images of both eyes were graded for TF by two standardized graders. The McNemar's test and a logistic regression model were used for analyses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The DSLR camera malfunctioned during the study, thus the iPhone SE and iPhone 13 Pro with cell scope were both more likely to take high-quality, gradable photographs (88% and 86%, respectively) compared with the DSLR camera (69%) (p&amp;lt;0.001 and p=0.02, respectively). TF was detected in gradable images from the iPhone SE (8.8%) and iPhone 13 Pro with cell scope (9.0%) at the same rate (p=1.0) as images from the DSLR camera (9.7%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Smartphones with high-quality image capture, like the iPhone SE\/13 Pro, have the potential for use in trachoma surveys if the proportion of gradable images can be improved.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihad054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T18:36:36Z","timestamp":1701714996000},"page":"ii19-ii24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparing image quality and trachoma detection across three camera types from a survey in Kongwa, Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ugochi T","family":"Aguwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"},{"name":"Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University Hospital , 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harran","family":"Mkocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kongwa Trachoma Project , Kongwa , Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University Hospital , 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meraf A","family":"Wolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University Hospital , 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont School of Medicine , 111 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT 05401 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0818-8100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila K","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University Hospital , 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023120418362814700_bib1","article-title":"Trachoma fact sheet.","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2023120418362814700_bib2","article-title":"Design parameters for population-based trachoma prevalence surveys","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023120418362814700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.08.005","article-title":"Utility of photography for trachoma surveys: a systematic review","volume":"67","author":"Naufal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023120418362814700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302050","article-title":"Application of smartphone cameras for detecting clinically active trachoma","volume":"96","author":"Bhosai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023120418362814700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009928","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009928","article-title":"Evaluation of photography using head-mounted display technology (ICAPS) for district trachoma surveys","volume":"15","author":"Naufal","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023120418362814700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0386","article-title":"Comparison of smartphone photography, single-lens reflex photography, and field-grading for trachoma","volume":"103","author":"Nesemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023120418362814700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.3.11","article-title":"The impact of image quality and trachomatous inflammation on using photography for trachoma prevalence surveys","volume":"11","author":"Odonkor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023120418362814700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.19.248708","article-title":"The simplified trachoma grading system, amended","volume":"98","author":"Solomon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull World Health Org"},{"key":"2023120418362814700_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2023.2174559","article-title":"Comparison of five camera systems for capturing and grading trachoma images","author":"Naufal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023120418362814700_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.144147","article-title":"Comparison of clinical and photographic assessment of trachoma","volume":"93","author":"Roper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023120418362814700_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz035","article-title":"Smartphone photography as a possible method of post-validation trachoma surveillance in resource-limited settings","volume":"11","author":"Snyder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Health"}],"container-title":["International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/inthealth\/article-pdf\/15\/Supplement_2\/ii19\/53979151\/ihad054.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/inthealth\/article-pdf\/15\/Supplement_2\/ii19\/53979151\/ihad054.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T18:36:40Z","timestamp":1701715000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/inthealth\/article\/15\/Supplement_2\/ii19\/7458341"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/inthealth\/ihad054","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-3413","1876-3405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-3413","type":"print"},{"value":"1876-3405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}}}