{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:59:50Z","timestamp":1790837990558,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of the current study was to estimate the self-reported individual-level crude prevalence and cluster-level adjusted prevalence of TB for the districts of Tamil Nadu and to understand the spatial distribution of TB cases through spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data, gathered during 2014\u20132015 (NFHS-4) and 2019\u20132021 (NFHS-5), were used in the current study to estimate district-wise, individual-level crude and cluster-level adjusted TB prevalence per 100 000 population in Tamil Nadu. This was illustrated with the help of spatial geographic representation for various districts of Tamil Nadu using SPSS and QGIS software. The spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis were performed using Geoda software.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The overall self-reported individual-level crude prevalence of TB was 337 (95% CI 302 to 375) and 169 (95% CI 144 to 197) per 100 000 population, whereas the cluster-level adjusted prevalence of TB was 356 (95% CI 311 to 405) and 184 (95% CI 154 to 219) per 100 000 population in NFHS-4 and NFHS-5, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study highlights those geographical areas with high rates of TB prevalence. This information would be useful for the state and district programme managers to identify areas of high TB prevalence where interventions can be focused.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihae072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T10:01:50Z","timestamp":1729245710000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Self-reported prevalence of tuberculosis: unveiling spatial representation in the districts of Tamil Nadu"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1209-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malaisamy","family":"Muniyandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai \u00a0 600031 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavi","family":"Mathiyazhagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai \u00a0 600031 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagarajan","family":"Karikalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai \u00a0 600031 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101810012077300_bib1","volume-title":"Tuberculosis","author":"Word Health Organisation","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024101810012077300_bib2","volume-title":"India TB Report 2023","author":"Central TB Division","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024101810012077300_bib3","volume-title":"National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015-16: India","author":"International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024101810012077300_bib4","volume-title":"National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019-21: India: Volume I","author":"International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024101810012077300_bib5","volume-title":"Tuberculosis Prevalence Surveys: a Handbook","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2011"},{"key":"2024101810012077300_bib6","volume-title":"The End TB Strategy: Global Strategy and Targets for Tuberculosis Prevention, Care and Control after 2015","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101810012077300_bib7","first-page":"168","article-title":"Trends in the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis over a period of seven and half years in a rural community in south India with DOTS","volume":"60","author":"Kolappan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024101810012077300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0124260","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124260","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for adult pulmonary tuberculosis in a metropolitan city of South India","volume":"10","author":"Dhanaraj","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024101810012077300_bib9","volume-title":"National TB Prevalence Survey in India (2019-21) Summary Report","author":"ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024101810012077300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-16","article-title":"Prevalence of self-reported tuberculosis, knowledge about tuberculosis transmission and its determinants among adults in India: Results from a nation-wide cross-sectional household survey","volume":"13","author":"Sreeramareddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024101810012077300_bib11","first-page":"856","article-title":"Gender and socio-cultural determinants of TB-related stigma in Bangladesh, India, Malawi and Colombia","volume":"12","author":"Somma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024101810012077300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01321.x","article-title":"Cultural concepts of tuberculosis and gender among the general population without tuberculosis in rural Maharashtra, India","volume":"9","author":"Atre","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2024101810012077300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0147274","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147274","article-title":"Is knowledge regarding tuberculosis associated with stigmatising and discriminating attitudes of general population towards tuberculosis patients? 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