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The production of these immune-modulatory molecules is initiated at the early stages of the innate immune responses and, therefore, plays a dominant role in shaping downstream events in both innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, the major role of IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2 is the induction of priming states, relevant for the functional differentiation of T lymphocyte subsets. Among T-cell subtypes, the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) represent a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells with a critical role in maintaining peripheral tolerance and immune homeostasis. Although the role of type I interferons in maintaining the function of thymus-derived Tregs has been previously described, the direct contribution of these innate factors to peripheral Treg (pTreg) and induced Treg (iTreg) differentiation and suppressive function is still unclear. We now show that, under tolerogenic conditions, IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2 play a critical role in antigen-specific and also polyclonal naive CD4+ T-cell conversion into peripheral antigen-specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and inhibit CD4+ T helper (Th) cell expansion in mice. While type I interferons sustain the expression and the activation of the transcription master regulators Foxp3, Stat3 and Stat5, these innate molecules reciprocally inhibit Th17 cell differentiation. Altogether, these results indicate a new pivotal role of IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2 on pTreg differentiation and induction of peripheral tolerance, which may have important implications in the therapeutic control of inflammatory disorders, such as of autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxaa058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T19:10:41Z","timestamp":1597950641000},"page":"59-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Type I interferons induce peripheral T regulatory cell differentiation under tolerogenic conditions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9011-9042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Vitale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Istituto di Patologia Generale, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 , Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armenise-Harvard Immune Regulation Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) , Candiolo (TO), Italy"},{"name":"Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS , Candiolo (TO), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Dettori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Palombi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Baev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armenise-Harvard Immune Regulation Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) , Candiolo (TO), Italy"},{"name":"Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS , Candiolo (TO), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Proietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 , Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Le Bon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm P\u00f4le Infrastructures, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Piti\u00e9 salp\u00e9tri\u00e8re , Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Belardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 , Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Istitute of Traslational Pharmacology, CNR , Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1694-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigia","family":"Pace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armenise-Harvard Immune Regulation Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) , Candiolo (TO), Italy"},{"name":"Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS , Candiolo (TO), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022071917085094900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.10.002","article-title":"Molecular control of regulatory T cell development and function","volume":"49","author":"Kitagawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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