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In this review, we will particularly discuss how the intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal circuitry regulates macrophage function and phenotype in the gut during homeostasis and aberrant inflammation, such as observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Furthermore, we will provide an overview of basic and translational IBD research using these neuronal circuits as a novel therapeutic tool. Finally, we will highlight the different challenges ahead to make bioelectronic neuromodulation a standard treatment for intestinal immune-mediated diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxab014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T19:14:41Z","timestamp":1617131681000},"page":"337-348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Bioelectronics in the brain\u2013gut axis: focus on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6229-0045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Stakenborg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Intestinal Neuro-immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for GI Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, University of Leuven , Herestraat 49, O&N1 bus 701, Leuven 3000 , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy E","family":"Boeckxstaens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Intestinal Neuro-immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for GI Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, University of Leuven , Herestraat 49, O&N1 bus 701, Leuven 3000 , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023120102011339700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/35013070","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin","volume":"405","author":"Borovikova","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023120102011339700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s42234-020-00046-4","article-title":"Closed-loop bioelectronic medicine for diabetes management","volume":"6","author":"G\u00fcemes Gonzalez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioelectron. 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